主从同步与读写分离测试
一、 实验环境(主从同步)
Master centos 7.3 192.168.138.13
Slave centos 7.3 192.168.138.14
二、在master操作
- 安装并配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# yum install mariadb-server -y
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
server-id=1 //必须唯一
log-bin=mysql-bin //开启binlog日志
character-set-server=utf8 //设置字符集
2.启动mysql
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb
3. 授权root用户
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on *.* to root@'localhost' identified by '123456';
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on *.* to root@'%' identified by '123456';
4. 刷新权限表
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges
5.查看master状态
MariaDB [(none)]> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000003 | 521 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
注意:如果主库中已存在数据,则需要备份拷到从库保持数据一致性
1.锁定数据表,避免在备份过程中,表被更新
mysql>LOCK TABLES tbl_name READ;
为表增加一个写锁定:
mysql>LOCK TABLES tbl_name WRITE;
解锁 : mysql>UNLOCK TABLES;
2.备份数据
方法一
Mysqldump -uroot -p –B db1 –T tb1 | gzip > /mysqlbackup/tb1.sql.gz
方法二
直接备份datadir=/var/lib/mysql
三、 在slave上操作
- 安装并配置/etc/my,cnf
[root@localhost ~]# yum install mariadb-server -y
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
server-id=1 //必须唯一
character-set-server=utf8 //设置字符集
2. 启动mysql
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb
3. 配置同步参数
MariaDB [(none)]> change master to
master_host='192.168.138.13',
master_user='root',
master_password='123456',
master_port=3306,
master_log_file='mysql-bin.000003',
master_log_pos=521;
4. 启动主从同步进程
MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
5. 检查状态
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.138.13
Master_User: root
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 521
Relay_Log_File: mariadb-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 529
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
看到两个yes说明配置成功
四、 测试
1.在slave上查看
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2. 在master创建数据库
MariaDB [(none)]> create database testdb1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
3. 在slave查看
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| testdb1 |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
读写分离
一、环境准备(在主从同步基础上)
Master centos7.3 192.168.138.13
Slave centos7.3 192.168.138.14
Mycat centos7.3 192.168.138.15
管理端 centos7.3 192.168.138.16
二、安装并配置mycat
1.部署jdk环境
MyCAT用Java开发,需要有JAVA运行环境,mycat依赖jdk1.7的环境
1)上传jdk
[root@localhost tools]# ll jdk-7u45-linux-x64.tar.gz
2)安装jdk
[root@localhost tools]# mkdir /usr/java
[root@localhost tools]# tar xf jdk-7u45-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/java/
3)设置环境变量
[root@localhost tools]# vim /etc/profile.d/java.sh
内容如下:
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_45/
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
使环境变量当前终端生效
[root@localhost tools]# source /etc/profile.d/java.sh
4)测试
[root@localhost tools]# java -version
java version "1.7.0_45"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_45-b18)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.45-b08, mixed mode)
2.安装mycat
1)下载mycat源码包
[root@localhost ~]# wget http://dl.mycat.io/1.6-RELEASE/Mycat-server-1.6
2)解压
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf Mycat-server-1.6-RELEASE-20161028204710-linux.tar.gz -C /usr/local
解压内容
[root@localhost ~]# ll /usr/local/mycat/
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 190 Dec 3 16:17 bin
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 6 Mar 1 2016 catlet
drwxrwxrwx 4 root root 4096 Dec 3 16:17 conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 3 16:17 lib
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 6 Oct 28 2016 logs
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 217 Oct 28 2016 version.txt
3)添加环境变量
[root@localhost local]# cat /etc/profile.d/mycat.sh
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mycat/bin
[root@localhost tools]# source /etc/profile.d/mycat.sh
3.读写分离配置
[root@localhost local]# cd /usr/local/mycat/
[root@localhost mycat]# ls
bin catlet conf lib logs version.txt
[root@localhost conf]# cp schema.xml{,.bak}
[root@localhost conf]# vim schema.xml
主要修改:
1)balance="1" writeType="0" switchType="1"
balance
1、balance=0 不开启读写分离机制,所有读操作都发送到当前可用的writehostle
.
2、balance=1 全部的readhost与stand by writeHost 参与select语句的负载均衡。简单的说,双主双从模式(M1->S1,M2->S2,并且M1和M2互为主备),正常情况下,M1,S1,S2都参与select语句的复杂均衡。
3、balance=2 所有读操作都随机的在readhost和writehost上分
writeType
负载均衡类型,目前的取值有3种:
1、writeType="0", 所有写操作发送到配置的第一个writeHost。
2、writeType="1",所有写操作都随机的发送到配置的writeHost。
3、writeType="2",不执行写操作。
switchType
1、switchType=-1 表示不自动切换
2、switchType=1 默认值,自动切换
3、switchType=2 基于MySQL 主从同步的状态决定是否切换
2)在<schema 最后加上dataNode="dn1"
修改<writeHost
修改<readHost
注:根据自己实际情况,其他无用的就可删除
配置好的文件如下:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://org.opencloudb/"
>
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false"
sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn1">
</schema>
<dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="localhost1"
database="db1" />
<dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000"
minCon="10" balance="1"
writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native"
switchType="1" slaveThreshold="100">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="hostM1" url="192.168.138.13:3306"
user="root"
password="123456">
<readHost host="hostR1" url="192.168.138.14:3306"
user="root" password="123456" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
4、创建管理用户
1)主库上对mycat用户授权如下:
用户:mycat 密码:123456 端口:3306
权限:insert,delete,update,select
命令:grant insert,delete,update,select on TD_OA.* to
mycat@'192.168.138.%' identified by '123456';
flush privileges;
2)从库上mycat用户授权如下:
用户:mycat 密码:123456 端口:3306/3307
权限: select
grant select on TD_OA.* to mycat@'192.168.138.%' identified by '123456';
flush privileges;
测试环境可以直接使用root用户,授予所有权限:
mysql> grant all on *.* to root@'192.168.95.%' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant all on *.* to root@'localhost' identified by '123456';
- 修改mycat配置文件
默认配置即可
①这里配置的是可以连接主库的两个用户
用户:root 密码:123456 给予此用户TESTDB数据库增删改查的权限。
用户:user 密码:user 给予此用户TESTDB数据库读的权限。
②这里的TESTDB,不一定是你数据库上的真实库名,可以任意指定,只要接下来和schema.xml的配置文件的库名统一即可。
1. 在客户端连接mysql主库服务器:
1)先安装mysql
2)# mysql -uroot –p123456 -h192.168.138.15 -P8066 -DTESTDB
8.主从同步读写分离测试
1)管理端创建表
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot –p123456 -h192.168.138.16
-P8066 -DTESTDB
CREATE TABLE test1 (id int(10),name varchar(10),address varchar(20) DEFAULT
NULL);
手动停止主从同步:(stop slave)
注意:工作中不能这么干
2)读功能测试:
分别在主从库插入数据:
master: insert into test1 values(1,'test1','master');
slave1: insert into test1 values(2,'test1','slave1');
3)管理端验证
负载均衡:
mysql> select * from test1;
+------+-------+---------+
| id | name | address |
+------+-------+---------+
| 2 | test1 | slave1 |
+------+-------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
4)写功能:
管理端再次插入数据
mysql> insert into test1 values(3,'test1','write');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
在master查看
MariaDB [db1]> select * from test1;
+------+------+---------+
| id | name | address |
+------+------+---------+
| 1 | test | master |
| 3 | test | write |
+------+------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
在Slave查看
MariaDB [db1]> select * from test1;
+------+------+---------+
| id | name | address |
+------+------+---------+
| 2 | test | slave |
+------+------+---------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#注意:测试完毕启动主从同步功能。
来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/sxchengchen/p/7966046.html