安装方法：
- rpm 工具
- yum 工具 (python写的，安装的也是rpm包，会安装对应的依赖)
- 源码包
rpm工具使用
- 设置光驱并挂载
- rpm包格式，报名，版本号，发布版本号、平台
- rpm -ivh rpm包文件 # 安装
- rpm -Uvh rpm包文件 # 升级
- rpm -e 包名 # 卸载
- rpm -qa # 查询安装的包
- rpm -q 包名 # 查询指定包是否安装
- rpm -qi 包名 # 查询指定包信息
- rpm -ql 包名 # 列出包安装的文件
- rpm -qf 文件绝对路径 # 查看一个文件是由哪个包安装的
虚拟机中设置光驱并挂载
光驱设置，如下图
挂载光驱
[root@centos01 ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@centos01 ~]# ls /mnt/Packages/ | head # 可以查看到镜像中的包
389-ds-base-1.3.1.6-25.el7.x86_64.rpm
389-ds-base-libs-1.3.1.6-25.el7.x86_64.rpm
abattis-cantarell-fonts-0.0.12-3.el7.noarch.rpm
abrt-2.1.11-12.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
abrt-addon-ccpp-2.1.11-12.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
abrt-addon-kerneloops-2.1.11-12.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
abrt-addon-pstoreoops-2.1.11-12.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
abrt-addon-python-2.1.11-12.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
abrt-addon-vmcore-2.1.11-12.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
abrt-addon-xorg-2.1.11-12.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
rpm命令的常用选项操作
[root@centos01 ~]# rpm -ivh /mnt/Packages/zsh-5.0.2-7.el7.x86_64.rpm
# 安装,如果/zsh-5.0.2-7.el7.x86_64.rpm有相关的依赖，会提示先安装对应的依赖包
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:zsh-5.0.2-7.el7 ################################# [100%]
[root@centos01 ~]# rpm -e zsh # 卸载，成功不会有提示，但错误会有相应的提示
[root@centos01 ~]# rpm -q ppp # 查询指定包是否安装
ppp-2.4.5-33.el7.x86_64
[root@centos01 ~]# rpm -q zsh
package zsh is not installed
[root@centos01 ~]# rpm -qi vim-enhanced
Name : vim-enhanced
Epoch : 2
Version : 7.4.160
Release : 4.el7
Architecture: x86_64
Install Date: Sat 29 Sep 2018 08:37:28 AM CST
Group : Applications/Editors
Size : 2296714
License : Vim
Signature : RSA/SHA256, Wed 25 Apr 2018 07:50:34 PM CST, Key ID 24c6a8a7f4a80e b5
Source RPM : vim-7.4.160-4.el7.src.rpm
Build Date : Wed 11 Apr 2018 07:55:09 AM CST
Build Host : x86-01.bsys.centos.org
Relocations : (not relocatable)
Packager : CentOS BuildSystem <http://bugs.centos.org>
Vendor : CentOS
URL : http://www.vim.org/
Summary : A version of the VIM editor which includes recent enhancements
Description :
VIM (VIsual editor iMproved) is an updated and improved version of the
vi editor. Vi was the first real screen-based editor for UNIX, and is
still very popular. VIM improves on vi by adding new features:
multiple windows, multi-level undo, block highlighting and more. The
vim-enhanced package contains a version of VIM with extra, recently
introduced features like Python and Perl interpreters.
Install the vim-enhanced package if you'd like to use a version of the
VIM editor which includes recently added enhancements like
interpreters for the Python and Perl scripting languages. You'll also
need to install the vim-common package.
[root@centos01 ~]# rpm -ql vim-enhanced
/etc/profile.d/vim.csh
/etc/profile.d/vim.sh
/usr/bin/rvim
/usr/bin/vim
/usr/bin/vimdiff
/usr/bin/vimtutor
[root@centos01 ~]# rpm -qf /usr/bin/vimtutor
vim-enhanced-7.4.160-4.el7.x86_64
yum工具
- yum list # 列出所有可用的rpm包
- ls /etc/yum.repos.d # 查看yum的资源配置文件
- yum search vim # 搜索包
- yum install [-y] # -y 安装时不进行提示
- yum grouplist # 查看所有的组
- yum remove [-y] # 删除包，同时删除相关依赖
- yum update [-y] # 不加包名时，会升级系统中所有的rpm包，并且还会升级系统和内核，所以用该选项进行升级一定要注意！！
- yum provides "/*/vim" # 只知道vim命名，搜索对应需要安装的包
[root@centos01 yum.repos.d]# yum list | head #@anaconda中的@代表已经安装的
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Installed Packages
ModemManager-glib.x86_64 1.1.0-6.git20130913.el7 @anaconda
NetworkManager.x86_64 1:0.9.9.1-13.git20140326.4dba720.el7
@anaconda
NetworkManager-glib.x86_64 1:0.9.9.1-13.git20140326.4dba720.el7
@anaconda
NetworkManager-tui.x86_64 1:0.9.9.1-13.git20140326.4dba720.el7
@anaconda
[root@centos01 ~]# yum grouplist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
There is no installed groups file.
Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum)
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.njupt.edu.cn
* updates: centost5.centos.org
Available environment groups:
Minimal Install
Compute Node
Infrastructure Server
File and Print Server
Basic Web Server
Virtualization Host
Server with GUI
GNOME Desktop
KDE Plasma Workspaces
Development and Creative Workstation
Available Groups:
Compatibility Libraries
Console Internet Tools
Development Tools
Graphical Administration Tools
Legacy UNIX Compatibility
Scientific Support
Security Tools
Smart Card Support
System Administration Tools
System Management
Done
[root@centos01 ~]# yum groupinstall 'Compute Node'
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
There is no installed groups file.
Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum)
base | 3.6 kB 00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00
updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 6.0 MB 00:04:04
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.njupt.edu.cn
* updates: centost5.centos.org
Warning: Group scientific does not have any packages to install.
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package NetworkManager.x86_64 1:0.9.9.1-13.git20140326.4dba720.el7 will be obsoleted
...
Transaction Summary
=====================================================================================
Install 73 Packages (+86 Dependent packages)
Upgrade 5 Packages (+33 Dependent packages)
[root@centos01 ~]# yum remove ppp
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package ppp.x86_64 0:2.4.5-33.el7 will be erased
--> Processing Dependency: ppp = 2.4.5 for package: 1:NetworkManager-0.9.9.1-13.git20140326.4dba720.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package NetworkManager.x86_64 1:0.9.9.1-13.git20140326.4dba720.el7 will be erased
--> Processing Dependency: NetworkManager(x86-64) = 1:0.9.9.1-13.git20140326.4dba720.el7 for package: 1:NetworkManager-tui-0.9.9.1-13.git20140326.4dba720.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package NetworkManager-tui.x86_64 1:0.9.9.1-13.git20140326.4dba720.el7 will be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=====================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=====================================================================================
Removing:
ppp x86_64 2.4.5-33.el7 @anaconda 852 k
Removing for dependencies:
NetworkManager x86_64 1:0.9.9.1-13.git20140326.4dba720.el7 @anaconda 5.9 M
NetworkManager-tui x86_64 1:0.9.9.1-13.git20140326.4dba720.el7 @anaconda 253 k
Transaction Summary
=====================================================================================
Remove 1 Package (+2 Dependent packages)
yum 本地仓库
- 挂载镜像到/mnt/目录
- cp -r /etc/yum.repos.d/ /etc/yum.repos.d.bak # 备份原有的资源配置目录
- rm -f /etc/yum.repos.d/* # 删除所有配置文件
- vim /etc/yum.repos.dvd.repo # 新建yum的配置文件，内容如下
[dvd]
name=install dvd
baseurl=file:///mnt
enable=1
gpgcheck=0
yum clean all # 清除缓存
yum list
实际操作记录
[root@centos01 ~]# cp /etc/yum.repos.d /etc/yum.repos.d.bak -r
[root@centos01 ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
[root@centos01 yum.repos.d]# rm -rf *
[root@centos01 yum.repos.d]# ls
[root@centos01 yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Cleaning repos: dvd
Cleaning up everything
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
[root@centos01 yum.repos.d]# yum list | tail -n 50
7.5-9.el7 dvd
xorg-x11-fonts-ISO8859-14-75dpi.noarch 7.5-9.el7 dvd
xorg-x11-fonts-ISO8859-15-75dpi.noarch 7.5-9.el7 dvd
xorg-x11-fonts-ISO8859-2-100dpi.noarch 7.5-9.el7 dvd
xorg-x11-fonts-ISO8859-2-75dpi.noarch 7.5-9.el7 dvd
xorg-x11-fonts-ISO8859-9-100dpi.noarch 7.5-9.el7 dvd
xorg-x11-fonts-ISO8859-9-75dpi.noarch 7.5-9.el7 dvd
xorg-x11-fonts-Type1.noarch 7.5-9.el7 dvd
xorg-x11-fonts-cyrillic.noarch 7.5-9.el7 dvd
xorg-x11-fonts-ethiopic.noarch 7.5-9.el7 dvd
xorg-x11-fonts-misc.noarch 7.5-9.el7 dvd
xorg-x11-glamor.x86_64 0.5.1-4.20140115gitfb4d046c.el7 dvd
xorg-x11-proto-devel.noarch 7.7-8.el7.1 dvd
xorg-x11-server-Xephyr.x86_64 1.15.0-7.el7 dvd
xorg-x11-server-Xorg.x86_64 1.15.0-7.el7 dvd
xorg-x11-server-common.x86_64 1.15.0-7.el7 dvd
xorg-x11-server-utils.x86_64 7.7-4.el7 dvd
xorg-x11-utils.x86_64 7.5-13.1.el7 dvd
xorg-x11-xauth.x86_64 1:1.0.7-6.1.el7 dvd
xorg-x11-xbitmaps.noarch 1.1.1-6.el7 dvd
xorg-x11-xinit.x86_64 1.3.2-13.el7 dvd
xorg-x11-xkb-utils.x86_64 7.7-9.1.el7 dvd
xpp3.noarch 1.1.3.8-11.el7 dvd
xrestop.x86_64 0.4-14.el7 dvd
xsane-common.x86_64 0.999-9.el7 dvd
xsane-gimp.x86_64 0.999-9.el7 dvd
xsettings-kde.x86_64 0.12.3-7.el7 dvd
xsom.noarch 0-10.20110809svn.el7 dvd
xterm.x86_64 295-3.el7 dvd
xulrunner.x86_64 24.5.0-1.el7.centos dvd
xvattr.x86_64 1.3-27.el7 dvd
xz-devel.x86_64 5.1.2-8alpha.el7 dvd
yajl.x86_64 2.0.4-4.el7 dvd
yelp.x86_64 1:3.8.1-7.el7 dvd
yelp-libs.x86_64 1:3.8.1-7.el7 dvd
yelp-xsl.noarch 3.8.1-2.el7 dvd
yp-tools.x86_64 2.14-3.el7 dvd
ypbind.x86_64 3:1.37.1-7.el7 dvd
ypserv.x86_64 2.31-8.el7 dvd
yum-langpacks.noarch 0.4.2-3.el7 dvd
yum-plugin-aliases.noarch 1.1.31-24.el7 dvd
yum-plugin-changelog.noarch 1.1.31-24.el7 dvd
yum-plugin-tmprepo.noarch 1.1.31-24.el7 dvd
yum-plugin-verify.noarch 1.1.31-24.el7 dvd
yum-plugin-versionlock.noarch 1.1.31-24.el7 dvd
yum-utils.noarch 1.1.31-24.el7 dvd
zenity.x86_64 3.8.0-4.el7 dvd
zlib-devel.x86_64 1.2.7-13.el7 dvd
zsh.x86_64 5.0.2-7.el7 dvd
zziplib.x86_64 0.13.62-5.el7 dvd
来源：oschina
链接：https://my.oschina.net/u/996931/blog/2236986