目前我们在PHP中使用以下命令在我们的应用程序中将字符集设置为UTF-8 。
由于这有点开销，我们想将其设置为MySQL中的默认设置。 我们可以在/etc/my.cnf或其他地方这样做吗？
SET NAMES 'utf8'
SET CHARACTER SET utf8
我在/etc/my.cnf中找了一个默认的字符集，但是没有关于字符集的内容。
此时，我执行以下操作将MySQL字符集和校对变量设置为UTF-8：
skip-character-set-client-handshake
character_set_client=utf8
character_set_server=utf8
这是处理这个问题的正确方法吗？
#1楼
在Xubuntu 12.04下我简单地补充道
[mysqld]
character_set_server = utf8
到/etc/mysql/my.cnf
结果是
mysql> show variables like "%character%";show variables like "%collation%";
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_server | utf8_general_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
另请查看http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/charset-server.html
#2楼
对于最新版本的MySQL，
default-character-set = utf8
导致问题。 我认为它已被弃用了。
正如Justin Ball在“ 升级到MySQL 5.5.12并且现在MySQL无法启动 ”中所说，你应该：
删除该指令，你应该是好的。
然后您的配置文件（例如'/etc/my.cnf'）应如下所示：
[mysqld] collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci init-connect='SET NAMES utf8' character-set-server = utf8重启MySQL。
为了确保您的MySQL是UTF-8，请在MySQL提示符中运行以下查询：
第一个查询：
mysql> show variables like 'char%';输出应如下所示：
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+---------------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql/share/charsets/| +--------------------------+---------------------------------+第二个查询：
mysql> show variables like 'collation%';查询输出是：
+----------------------+-----------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------+-----------------+ | collation_connection | utf8_general_ci | | collation_database | utf8_unicode_ci | | collation_server | utf8_unicode_ci | +----------------------+-----------------+
#3楼
此处列出的所有设置都是正确的，但这里是最佳且充分的解决方案：
[mysqld]
init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8_unicode_ci'
character-set-server = utf8
collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci
[client]
default-character-set = utf8
将这些添加到/etc/mysql/my.cnf 。
请注意，由于性能问题，我选择utf8_unicode_ci类型的排序规则。
结果是：
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation%';
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_database | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_server | utf8_unicode_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
这是当您作为非SUPER用户连接时！
例如，作为SUPER和非SUPER用户的连接之间的区别（当然在utf8_unicode_ci整理的情况下）：
超级私人用户：
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation%';
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci | <---
| collation_database | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_server | utf8_unicode_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
非SUPER私人用户：
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation%';
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_database | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_server | utf8_unicode_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
我写了一篇全面的文章 （rus），详细解释了为什么你应该使用一个或另一个选项。 考虑所有类型的字符集和排序规则 ：用于服务器，用于数据库，用于连接，用于表，甚至用于列。
我希望这篇文章和文章将有助于澄清不明确的时刻。
#4楼
更改MySQL角色：
客户
default-character-set=utf8
mysqld的
character_set_server=utf8
我们不应该在mysqld中写default-character-set=utf8 ，因为这可能会导致如下错误：
开始：作业无法启动
最后：
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
#5楼
MySQL 5.5，你只需要：
[mysqld]
character_set_client=utf8
character_set_server=utf8
collation_server=utf8_unicode_ci
collation_server是可选的。
mysql> show variables like 'char%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
来源：oschina
链接：https://my.oschina.net/u/3797416/blog/3192702