有需求就要想办法解决,最近参与的项目其涉及的三个数据表分别在三台不同的服务器上,这就有点突兀了,第一次遇到这种情况,可这难不倒笔者,资料一查,代码一打,回头看看源码,万事大吉
1. 预备知识
这里默认大家都会SSM框架了,使用时我们要往sqlSessionFactory里注入数据源。那么猜测:1、可以往sqlSessionFactory里注入多数据源来实现切换;2、将多个数据源封装成一个总源
,再把这个总源
注入到sqlSessionFactory里实现切换。答案是使用后者,即封装成总源
的形式。Spring提供了动态切换数据源的功能,那么我们来看看其实现原理
2. 实现原理
笔者是根据源码讲解的,这些步骤讲完会贴出源码内容
一、
Spring提供了AbstractRoutingDataSource抽象类,其继承了AbstractDataSource。而AbstractDataSource又实现了DataSource。因此我们可以将AbstractRoutingDataSource的实现类注入到sqlSessionFactory中来实现切换数据源
二、
刚才我们将多个数据源封装成总源
的想法在AbstractRoutingDataSource中有体现,其内部用一个Map集合封装多个数据源,即 private Map<Object, DataSource> resolvedDataSources;
,那么要使用时从该Map集合中获取即可
三、
AbstractRoutingDataSource中有个determineTargetDataSource()方法,其作用是决定使用哪个数据源。我们通过determineTargetDataSource()方法从Map集合中获取数据源,那么必须有个key值指定才行。所以determineTargetDataSource()方法内部通过调用determineCurrentLookupKey()方法来获取key值,Spring将determineCurrentLookupKey()方法抽象出来给用户实现,从而让用户决定使用哪个数据源
四、
既然知道我们需要重写determineCurrentLookupKey()方法,那么就开始把。实现时发现该方法没有参数,我们无法传参来决定返回的key值,又不能改动方法(因为是重写),所以方法内部调用我们自定义类的静态方法即可解决问题
public class DynamicDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource { @Override protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() { return DynamicDataSourceHolder.getDataSourceKey(); } }
五、
自定义类,作用是让我们传入key值来决定使用哪个key
public class DynamicDataSourceHolder { // ThreadLocal没什么好说的,绑定当前线程 private static final ThreadLocal<String> dataSourceKey = new ThreadLocal<String>(); public static String getDataSourceKey(){ return dataSourceKey.get(); } public static void setDataSourceKey(String key){ dataSourceKey.set(key); } public static void clearDataSourceKey(){ dataSourceKey.remove(); } }
六、
AbstractRoutingDataSource抽象类源码(不喜可跳)
public abstract class AbstractRoutingDataSource extends AbstractDataSource implements InitializingBean { @Nullable private Map<Object, Object> targetDataSources; @Nullable private Object defaultTargetDataSource; private boolean lenientFallback = true; private DataSourceLookup dataSourceLookup = new JndiDataSourceLookup(); @Nullable private Map<Object, DataSource> resolvedDataSources; @Nullable private DataSource resolvedDefaultDataSource; public AbstractRoutingDataSource() { } public void setTargetDataSources(Map<Object, Object> targetDataSources) { this.targetDataSources = targetDataSources; } public void setDefaultTargetDataSource(Object defaultTargetDataSource) { this.defaultTargetDataSource = defaultTargetDataSource; } public void setLenientFallback(boolean lenientFallback) { this.lenientFallback = lenientFallback; } public void setDataSourceLookup(@Nullable DataSourceLookup dataSourceLookup) { this.dataSourceLookup = (DataSourceLookup)(dataSourceLookup != null ? dataSourceLookup : new JndiDataSourceLookup()); } public void afterPropertiesSet() { if (this.targetDataSources == null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Property 'targetDataSources' is required"); } else { this.resolvedDataSources = new HashMap(this.targetDataSources.size()); this.targetDataSources.forEach((key, value) -> { Object lookupKey = this.resolveSpecifiedLookupKey(key); DataSource dataSource = this.resolveSpecifiedDataSource(value); this.resolvedDataSources.put(lookupKey, dataSource); }); if (this.defaultTargetDataSource != null) { this.resolvedDefaultDataSource = this.resolveSpecifiedDataSource(this.defaultTargetDataSource); } } } protected Object resolveSpecifiedLookupKey(Object lookupKey) { return lookupKey; } protected DataSource resolveSpecifiedDataSource(Object dataSource) throws IllegalArgumentException { if (dataSource instanceof DataSource) { return (DataSource)dataSource; } else if (dataSource instanceof String) { return this.dataSourceLookup.getDataSource((String)dataSource); } else { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal data source value - only [javax.sql.DataSource] and String supported: " + dataSource); } } public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException { return this.determineTargetDataSource().getConnection(); } public Connection getConnection(String username, String password) throws SQLException { return this.determineTargetDataSource().getConnection(username, password); } public <T> T unwrap(Class<T> iface) throws SQLException { return iface.isInstance(this) ? this : this.determineTargetDataSource().unwrap(iface); } public boolean isWrapperFor(Class<?> iface) throws SQLException { return iface.isInstance(this) || this.determineTargetDataSource().isWrapperFor(iface); } protected DataSource determineTargetDataSource() { Assert.notNull(this.resolvedDataSources, "DataSource router not initialized"); Object lookupKey = this.determineCurrentLookupKey(); DataSource dataSource = (DataSource)this.resolvedDataSources.get(lookupKey); if (dataSource == null && (this.lenientFallback || lookupKey == null)) { dataSource = this.resolvedDefaultDataSource; } if (dataSource == null) { throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot determine target DataSource for lookup key [" + lookupKey + "]"); } else { return dataSource; } } @Nullable protected abstract Object determineCurrentLookupKey(); }
3. 配置
3.1 配置db.properties
这里配置两个数据库,一个评论库,一个用户库
# 问题库 howl.comments.driverClassName = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver howl.comments.url = jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/comment howl.comments.username = root howl.comments.password = # 用户库 howl.users.driverClassName = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver howl.users.url = jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/user howl.users.username = root howl.users.password =
3.2 配置applicationContext.xml
<!-- 加载properties文件 --> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"></context:property-placeholder> <!-- 问题的数据源 --> <bean id="commentsDataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource"> <property name="driverClassName" value="${howl.comments.driverClassName}"></property> <property name="url" value="${howl.comments.url}"></property> <property name="username" value="${howl.comments.username}"></property> <property name="password" value="${howl.comments.password}"></property> </bean> <!-- 用户的数据源 --> <bean id="usersDataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource"> <property name="driverClassName" value="${howl.users.driverClassName}"></property> <property name="url" value="${howl.users.url}"></property> <property name="username" value="${howl.users.username}"></property> <property name="password" value="${howl.users.password}"></property> </bean> <!-- 通过setter方法,往DynamicDataSource的Map集合中注入数据 --> <!-- 具体参数,看名字可以明白 --> <bean id="dynamicDataSource" class="com.howl.util.DynamicDataSource"> <property name="targetDataSources"> <map key-type="java.lang.String"> <entry key="cds" value-ref="commentsDataSource"/> <entry key="uds" value-ref="usersDataSource"/> </map> </property> <property name="defaultTargetDataSource" ref="commentsDataSource"></property> </bean> <!-- 将`总源`注入SqlSessionFactory工厂 --> <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"></property> <property name="dataSource" ref="dynamicDataSource"></property> </bean>
因为dynamicDataSource是继承AbstractRoutingDataSource,所以setter注入方法得去父类里面去找,开始笔者也是懵了一下
3.3 切换数据源
数据源是在Service层切换的
UserService
@Service public class UserService { @Autowired private UserDao userDao; public User selectUserById(int id) { // 表明使用usersDataSource库 DynamicDataSourceHolder.setDataSourceKey("uds"); return userDao.selectUserById(id); } }
CommentService
@Service public class CommentService { @Autowired CommentDao commentDao; public List<Comment> selectCommentById(int blogId) { // 表明使用评论库 DynamicDataSourceHolder.setDataSourceKey("cds"); return commentDao.selectCommentById(blogId, -1); } }
3.4 自动切换
手动切换容易忘记,我们学了AOP可以使用AOP来切换,这里使用注解实现
<!-- 开启AOP注解支持 --> <aop:aspectj-autoproxy></aop:aspectj-autoproxy>
切面类
@Component @Aspect public class DataSourceAspect { @Pointcut("execution(* com.howl.service.impl.*(..))") private void pt1() { } @Around("pt1()") public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) { Object rtValue = null; try { String name = pjp.getTarget().getClass().getName(); if (name.equals("com.howl.service.UserService")) { DynamicDataSourceHolder.setDataSourceKey("uds"); } if (name.equals("com.howl.service.CommentService")){ DynamicDataSourceHolder.setDataSourceKey("cds"); } // 调用业务层方法 rtValue = pjp.proceed(); System.out.println("后置通知"); } catch (Throwable t) { System.out.println("异常通知"); t.printStackTrace(); } finally { System.out.println("最终通知"); } return rtValue; } }
使用环绕通知实现切入com.howl.service.impl里的所有方法,在遇到UserService、CommentService时,前置通知动态切换对应的数据源
4. 总结
- 以前笔者认为Service层多了impl包和接口是多余的,现在要用到AOP的时候后悔莫及,所以默认结构如此肯定有道理的
- 出bug的时候,才知道分步测试哪里出问题了,如果TDD推动那么能快速定位报错地方,日志也很重要
参考
https://www.jianshu.com/p/d97cd60e404f
来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/Howlet/p/12446603.html