OS第1次实验报告：熟悉使用Linux命令和剖析ps命令

个人信息

姓名：程开
学号：201821121060
班级：计算1812

1. 实验环境介绍

操作系统：Windows 家庭中文版 1903
平台：Cygwin及cmd命令行

将Cygwin目录下的bin文件添加到环境变量Path下面

2. 常用命令使用

等等

3.剖析ps命令

SYNOPSIS
       ps [−aA] [−defl] [−g grouplist] [−G grouplist]
           [−n namelist] [−o format]... [−p proclist] [−t termlist]
           [−u userlist] [−U userlist]

−a Write information for all processes associated with terminals. Implementations may omit session leaders from this list.

−A Write information for all processes.

−d Write information for all processes, except session leaders.

−e Write information for all processes. (Equivalent to −A.)

−f Generate a full listing. (See the STDOUT section for the contents of a full listing.)

       −g grouplist
                 Write information for processes whose session leaders are given in grouplist. The application shall ensure that the grouplist is a single argument in the form of a <blank> or
                 <comma>-separated list.

       −G grouplist
                 Write information for processes whose real group ID numbers are given in grouplist. The application shall ensure that the grouplist is a single argument in the form of a <blank> or
                 <comma>-separated list.

−l Generate a long listing. (See STDOUT for the contents of a long listing.)

−n namelist
Specify the name of an alternative system namelist file in place of the default. The name of the default file and the format of a namelist file are unspecified.

−o format Write information according to the format specification given in format. This is fully described in the STDOUT section. Multiple −o options can be specified; the format specification
shall be interpreted as the <space>-separated concatenation of all the format option-arguments.

       −p proclist
                 Write information for processes whose process ID numbers are given in proclist. The application shall ensure that the proclist is a single argument in the form of a <blank> or
                 <comma>-separated list.

       −t termlist
                 Write information for processes associated with terminals given in termlist. The application shall ensure that the termlist is a single argument in the form of a <blank> or <comma>-sep‐
                 arated list. Terminal identifiers shall be given in an implementation-defined format. On XSI-conformant systems, they shall be given in one of two forms: the device's filename (for ex‐
                 ample, tty04) or, if the device's filename starts with tty, just the identifier following the characters tty (for example, "04").

       −u userlist
                 Write information for processes whose user ID numbers or login names are given in userlist. The application shall ensure that the userlist is a single argument in the form of a <blank>
                 or <comma>-separated list. In the listing, the numerical user ID shall be written unless the −f option is used, in which case the login name shall be written.

       −U userlist
                 Write information for processes whose real user ID numbers or login names are given in userlist. The application shall ensure that the userlist is a single argument in the form of a
                 <blank> or <comma>-separated list.

命令ps -ef：显示所有进程信息，连同命令行

-e：显示所有进程

-f：全格式

ps -e 列出程序时，显示每个程序所使用的环境变量。
ps -f 用ASCII字符显示树状结构，表达程序间的相互关系

UID：说明该程序被谁拥有
PID：就是指该程序的 ID
PPID：就是指该程序父级程序的 ID
STIME：程序的启动时间
TTY：指的是登录终端
CMD：下达的指令

D: 无法中断的休眠状态 (通常 IO 的进程)

R: 正在执行中

S: 静止状态

T: 暂停执行

Z: 不存在但暂时无法消除

W: 没有足够的记忆体分页可分配

<: 高优先序的行程

N: 低优先序的行程

L: 有记忆体分页分配并锁在记忆体内 (实时系统或捱A I/O)

START: 行程开始时间

命令 ps -aux：显示所有包含其他使用者的行程

-a：显示所有进程

-u ：以用户为主的进程状态

x ：通常与 a 这个参数一起使用，可列出较完整信息

命令ps -l:将目前属于您自己这次登入的 PID 与相关信息列示出来

ps d :显示所有进程，除了用户

l ：较长、较详细的将该PID 的的信息列出

j ：工作的格式 (jobs format)

g：过时，不在使用

-g：按进程或者效率把名字分组

p：按进程ID显示

4. 通过该实验产生新的疑问及解答

① 开始使用man ps命令提示"没有ps的手册页条目"

解决方法：再装一次cygwin，同时在包里面找到man-page导入就可以了

②ps命令能够支持的系统类型相当的多，所以他的参数很多，而且有没有加上 - 差很多，中间犯了一些错。

来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/cknb/p/12435063.html

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