对下面代码的一些细节,解释下为什么那么做。
1.
char buf[sizeof(int) * 8 + 1] = "";
这个buf的作用是缓存中间结果,长度没有写死。好处是不同的平台上这段代码都可以执行。
2.
if (base < 2 || base > 36)
该判断检查用户传入的进制数是否合法。base < 2 主要过滤负数和0和1。base > 36的意义是在超过10进制的数里,是用字母a表示10的。以此类推z可以表示36。在只使用ascii字符表示大于10的数时,最大的表示值是36,超过这个值就不能表示。
3.
uval = -val;
这各写法可以避免一个潜在的坑。当val为int值为INT_MIN时 -val会溢出。表象为-val 的值还是INT_MIN,还是个负数
4.至于为什么用一个无符号整数与一个>0的int进行整除与取余
uval % base
uval /= base
因为c语言的标准里没有规定x / y当有一个值为负数时,结果该向x坐标轴的左侧靠近(向0取整) 还是向侧靠近(负无穷)
它只规定了 (x / y) * y + (x % y) = x
-14 /5 的结果可以是 -2 或者 -3
至为正数为啥没有两个结果。本人只是用了几个值进行了验证。。
好了贴代码:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <string.h>
char *int2str(int val, char *str, int base) {
static char tab[] = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
char buf[sizeof(int) * 8 + 1 + 1] = "";
char *p = buf;
char *p2 = str;
unsigned uval = val;
//检查base的范围
if (base < 2 || base > 36) {
*str = '\0';
return str;
}
//负数
uval = val;
if (val < 0 && base == 10) {
uval = -val;
}
do {
*p++ = tab[uval % base];
//printf("%d:%d:%d\n", uval, uval % base, base);
} while (uval /= base);
if (val < 0 && base == 10) {
*p++ = '-';
}
p--;
while (p >= buf && (*p2++ = *p) != '\0')
p--;
*p2 = '\0';
return str;
}
void tst_max_2() {
char buf_int2str[34] = "";
printf("max 2#%s\n", int2str(CHAR_MAX, buf_int2str, 2));
printf("max 2#%s\n", int2str(SHRT_MAX, buf_int2str, 2));
printf("max 2#%s\n", int2str(INT_MAX, buf_int2str, 2));
}
void tst_max_8() {
char buf_int2str[34] = "";
printf("max 8#%s\n", int2str(CHAR_MAX, buf_int2str, 8));
printf("max 8#%s\n", int2str(SHRT_MAX, buf_int2str, 8));
printf("max 8#%s\n", int2str(INT_MAX, buf_int2str, 8));
}
void tst_max_10() {
char buf_int2str[34] = "";
char buf_snprintf[34] = "";
snprintf(buf_snprintf, sizeof(buf_snprintf), "%d", CHAR_MAX);
assert(!strcmp(int2str(CHAR_MAX, buf_int2str, 10), buf_snprintf));
printf("max 10#%d:%s:%s\n", CHAR_MAX, buf_int2str, buf_snprintf);
snprintf(buf_snprintf, sizeof(buf_snprintf), "%d", SHRT_MAX);
assert(!strcmp(int2str(SHRT_MAX, buf_int2str, 10), buf_snprintf));
printf("max 10#%d:%s:%s\n", SHRT_MAX, buf_int2str, buf_snprintf);
snprintf(buf_snprintf, sizeof(buf_snprintf), "%d", INT_MAX);
assert(!strcmp(int2str(INT_MAX, buf_int2str, 10), buf_snprintf));
printf("max 10#%d:%s:%s\n", INT_MAX, buf_int2str, buf_snprintf);
}
void tst_max_16() {
char buf_int2str[34] = "";
char buf_snprintf[34] = "";
snprintf(buf_snprintf, sizeof(buf_snprintf), "%x", CHAR_MAX);
assert(!strcmp(int2str(CHAR_MAX, buf_int2str, 16), buf_snprintf));
printf("max 16#%d:%s:%s\n", CHAR_MAX, buf_int2str, buf_snprintf);
snprintf(buf_snprintf, sizeof(buf_snprintf), "%x", SHRT_MAX);
assert(!strcmp(int2str(SHRT_MAX, buf_int2str, 16), buf_snprintf));
printf("max 16#%d:%s:%s\n", SHRT_MAX, buf_int2str, buf_snprintf);
snprintf(buf_snprintf, sizeof(buf_snprintf), "%x", INT_MAX);
assert(!strcmp(int2str(INT_MAX, buf_int2str, 16), buf_snprintf));
printf("max 16#%d:%s:%s\n", INT_MAX, buf_int2str, buf_snprintf);
}
void tst_min_2() {
char buf_int2str[34] = "";
printf("min 2#%s\n", int2str(CHAR_MIN, buf_int2str, 2));
printf("min 2#%s\n", int2str(SHRT_MIN, buf_int2str, 2));
printf("min 2#%s\n", int2str(INT_MIN, buf_int2str, 2));
}
void tst_min_8() {
char buf_int2str[34] = "";
printf("min 8#%s\n", int2str(CHAR_MIN, buf_int2str, 8));
printf("min 8#%s\n", int2str(SHRT_MIN, buf_int2str, 8));
printf("min 8#%s\n", int2str(INT_MIN, buf_int2str, 8));
}
void tst_min_10() {
char buf_int2str[34] = "";
char buf_snprintf[34] = "";
snprintf(buf_snprintf, sizeof(buf_snprintf), "%d", CHAR_MIN);
assert(!strcmp(int2str(CHAR_MIN, buf_int2str, 10), buf_snprintf));
printf("min 10#%d:%s:%s\n", CHAR_MIN, buf_int2str, buf_snprintf);
snprintf(buf_snprintf, sizeof(buf_snprintf), "%d", SHRT_MIN);
assert(!strcmp(int2str(SHRT_MIN, buf_int2str, 10), buf_snprintf));
printf("min 10#%d:%s:%s\n", SHRT_MIN, buf_int2str, buf_snprintf);
snprintf(buf_snprintf, sizeof(buf_snprintf), "%d", INT_MIN);
assert(!strcmp(int2str(INT_MIN, buf_int2str, 10), buf_snprintf));
printf("min 10#%d:%s:%s\n", INT_MIN, buf_int2str, buf_snprintf);
}
void tst_min_16() {
char buf_int2str[34] = "";
char buf_snprintf[34] = "";
snprintf(buf_snprintf, sizeof(buf_snprintf), "%x", CHAR_MIN);
assert(!strcmp(int2str(CHAR_MIN, buf_int2str, 16), buf_snprintf));
printf("min 16#%d:%s:%s\n", CHAR_MIN, buf_int2str, buf_snprintf);
snprintf(buf_snprintf, sizeof(buf_snprintf), "%x", SHRT_MIN);
assert(!strcmp(int2str(SHRT_MIN, buf_int2str, 16), buf_snprintf));
printf("min 16#%d:%s:%s\n", SHRT_MIN, buf_int2str, buf_snprintf);
snprintf(buf_snprintf, sizeof(buf_snprintf), "%x", INT_MIN);
assert(!strcmp(int2str(INT_MIN, buf_int2str, 16), buf_snprintf));
printf("min 16#%d:%s:%s\n", INT_MIN, buf_int2str, buf_snprintf);
}
void tst_0() {
char buf_int2str[34] = "";
int2str(0, buf_int2str, 16);
printf("0 #%s\n", buf_int2str);
}
int main() {
tst_max_2();
tst_max_8();
tst_max_10();
tst_max_16();
tst_min_2();
tst_min_8();
tst_min_10();
tst_min_16();
tst_0();
#if 0
int val = INT_MIN;
printf("##%d:%d:%u\n", val, -val, -val);
//printf("%d:%d:%u\n", INT_MIN, -INT_MIN, -INT_MIN);
#endif
return 0;
}
来源:oschina
链接:https://my.oschina.net/u/1429274/blog/502594