图像分类案例2

# 在本节notebook中，使用后续设置的参数在完整训练集上训练模型，大致需要40-50分钟
# 请大家合理安排GPU时长，尽量只在训练时切换到GPU资源
# 也可以在Kaggle上访问本节notebook：
# https://www.kaggle.com/boyuai/boyu-d2l-dog-breed-identification-imagenet-dogs
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.optim as optim
import torchvision
import torchvision.transforms as transforms
import torchvision.models as models
import os
import shutil
import time
import pandas as pd
import random

# 设置随机数种子
random.seed(0)
torch.manual_seed(0)
torch.cuda.manual_seed(0)

data_dir = '/home/kesci/input/Kaggle_Dog6357/dog-breed-identification'  # 数据集目录
label_file, train_dir, test_dir = 'labels.csv', 'train', 'test'  # data_dir中的文件夹、文件
new_data_dir = './train_valid_test'  # 整理之后的数据存放的目录
valid_ratio = 0.1  # 验证集所占比例

def mkdir_if_not_exist(path):
    # 若目录path不存在，则创建目录
    if not os.path.exists(os.path.join(*path)):
        os.makedirs(os.path.join(*path))
        
def reorg_dog_data(data_dir, label_file, train_dir, test_dir, new_data_dir, valid_ratio):
    # 读取训练数据标签
    labels = pd.read_csv(os.path.join(data_dir, label_file))
    id2label = {Id: label for Id, label in labels.values}  # (key: value): (id: label)

    # 随机打乱训练数据
    train_files = os.listdir(os.path.join(data_dir, train_dir))
    random.shuffle(train_files)    

    # 原训练集
    valid_ds_size = int(len(train_files) * valid_ratio)  # 验证集大小
    for i, file in enumerate(train_files):
        img_id = file.split('.')[0]  # file是形式为id.jpg的字符串
        img_label = id2label[img_id]
        if i < valid_ds_size:
            mkdir_if_not_exist([new_data_dir, 'valid', img_label])
            shutil.copy(os.path.join(data_dir, train_dir, file),
                        os.path.join(new_data_dir, 'valid', img_label))
        else:
            mkdir_if_not_exist([new_data_dir, 'train', img_label])
            shutil.copy(os.path.join(data_dir, train_dir, file),
                        os.path.join(new_data_dir, 'train', img_label))
        mkdir_if_not_exist([new_data_dir, 'train_valid', img_label])
        shutil.copy(os.path.join(data_dir, train_dir, file),
                    os.path.join(new_data_dir, 'train_valid', img_label))

    # 测试集
    mkdir_if_not_exist([new_data_dir, 'test', 'unknown'])
    for test_file in os.listdir(os.path.join(data_dir, test_dir)):
        shutil.copy(os.path.join(data_dir, test_dir, test_file),
                    os.path.join(new_data_dir, 'test', 'unknown'))

reorg_dog_data(data_dir, label_file, train_dir, test_dir, new_data_dir, valid_ratio

图像增强

transform_train = transforms.Compose([
    # 随机对图像裁剪出面积为原图像面积0.08~1倍、且高和宽之比在3/4~4/3的图像，再放缩为高和宽均为224像素的新图像
    transforms.RandomResizedCrop(224, scale=(0.08, 1.0),  
                                 ratio=(3.0/4.0, 4.0/3.0)),
    # 以0.5的概率随机水平翻转
    transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(),
    # 随机更改亮度、对比度和饱和度
    transforms.ColorJitter(brightness=0.4, contrast=0.4, saturation=0.4),
    transforms.ToTensor(),
    # 对各个通道做标准化，(0.485, 0.456, 0.406)和(0.229, 0.224, 0.225)是在ImageNet上计算得的各通道均值与方差
    transforms.Normalize([0.485, 0.456, 0.406], [0.229, 0.224, 0.225])  # ImageNet上的均值和方差
])

# 在测试集上的图像增强只做确定性的操作
transform_test = transforms.Compose([
    transforms.Resize(256),
    # 将图像中央的高和宽均为224的正方形区域裁剪出来
    transforms.CenterCrop(224),
    transforms.ToTensor(),
    transforms.Normalize([0.485, 0.456, 0.406], [0.229, 0.224, 0.225])
])

读取数据

# new_data_dir目录下有train, valid, train_valid, test四个目录
# 这四个目录中，每个子目录表示一种类别，目录中是属于该类别的所有图像
train_ds = torchvision.datasets.ImageFolder(root=os.path.join(new_data_dir, 'train'),
                                            transform=transform_train)
valid_ds = torchvision.datasets.ImageFolder(root=os.path.join(new_data_dir, 'valid'),
                                            transform=transform_test)
train_valid_ds = torchvision.datasets.ImageFolder(root=os.path.join(new_data_dir, 'train_valid'),
                                            transform=transform_train)
test_ds = torchvision.datasets.ImageFolder(root=os.path.join(new_data_dir, 'test'),
                                            transform=transform_test)

batch_size = 128
train_iter = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(train_ds, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True)
valid_iter = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(valid_ds, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True)
train_valid_iter = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(train_valid_ds, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True)
test_iter = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(test_ds, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=False)  # shuffle=False

def get_net(device):
    finetune_net = models.resnet34(pretrained=False)  # 预训练的resnet34网络
    finetune_net.load_state_dict(torch.load('/home/kesci/input/resnet347742/resnet34-333f7ec4.pth'))
    for param in finetune_net.parameters():  # 冻结参数
        param.requires_grad = False
    # 原finetune_net.fc是一个输入单元数为512，输出单元数为1000的全连接层
    # 替换掉原finetune_net.fc，新finetuen_net.fc中的模型参数会记录梯度
    finetune_net.fc = nn.Sequential(
        nn.Linear(in_features=512, out_features=256),
        nn.ReLU(),
        nn.Linear(in_features=256, out_features=120)  # 120是输出类别数
    )
    return finetune_net

定义训练函数

def evaluate_loss_acc(data_iter, net, device):
    # 计算data_iter上的平均损失与准确率
    loss = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
    is_training = net.training  # Bool net是否处于train模式
    net.eval()
    l_sum, acc_sum, n = 0, 0, 0
    with torch.no_grad():
        for X, y in data_iter:
            X, y = X.to(device), y.to(device)
            y_hat = net(X)
            l = loss(y_hat, y)
            l_sum += l.item() * y.shape[0]
            acc_sum += (y_hat.argmax(dim=1) == y).sum().item()
            n += y.shape[0]
    net.train(is_training)  # 恢复net的train/eval状态
    return l_sum / n, acc_sum / n

def train(net, train_iter, valid_iter, num_epochs, lr, wd, device, lr_period,
          lr_decay):
    loss = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
    optimizer = optim.SGD(net.fc.parameters(), lr=lr, momentum=0.9, weight_decay=wd)
    net = net.to(device)
    for epoch in range(num_epochs):
        train_l_sum, n, start = 0.0, 0, time.time()
        if epoch > 0 and epoch % lr_period == 0:  # 每lr_period个epoch，学习率衰减一次
            lr = lr * lr_decay
            for param_group in optimizer.param_groups:
                param_group['lr'] = lr
        for X, y in train_iter:
            X, y = X.to(device), y.to(device)
            optimizer.zero_grad()
            y_hat = net(X)
            l = loss(y_hat, y)
            l.backward()
            optimizer.step()
            train_l_sum += l.item() * y.shape[0]
            n += y.shape[0]
        time_s = "time %.2f sec" % (time.time() - start)
        if valid_iter is not None:
            valid_loss, valid_acc = evaluate_loss_acc(valid_iter, net, device)
            epoch_s = ("epoch %d, train loss %f, valid loss %f, valid acc %f, "
                       % (epoch + 1, train_l_sum / n, valid_loss, valid_acc))
        else:
            epoch_s = ("epoch %d, train loss %f, "
                       % (epoch + 1, train_l_sum / n))
        print(epoch_s + time_s + ', lr ' + str(lr))

调参

num_epochs, lr_period, lr_decay = 20, 10, 0.1
lr, wd = 0.03, 1e-4
device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')

net = get_net(device)
train(net, train_iter, valid_iter, num_epochs, lr, wd, device, lr_period, lr_decay)

在完整数据集上训练模型

# 使用上面的参数设置，在完整数据集上训练模型大致需要40-50分钟的时间
net = get_net(device)
train(net, train_valid_iter, None, num_epochs, lr, wd, device, lr_period, lr_decay)

对测试集分类并提交结果

用训练好的模型对测试数据进行预测。比赛要求对测试集中的每张图片，都要预测其属于各个类别的概率。

preds = []
for X, _ in test_iter:
    X = X.to(device)
    output = net(X)
    output = torch.softmax(output, dim=1)
    preds += output.tolist()
ids = sorted(os.listdir(os.path.join(new_data_dir, 'test/unknown')))
with open('submission.csv', 'w') as f:
    f.write('id,' + ','.join(train_valid_ds.classes) + '\n')
    for i, output in zip(ids, preds):
        f.write(i.split('.')[0] + ',' + ','.join(
            [str(num) for num in output]) + '\n')

来源：CSDN

作者：qq_40441895

链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_40441895/article/details/104455366