问题
I know these technologies are all related but could someone please explain what each one is used for and how they fit together?
回答1:
Oversimplification:
Graal - Java bytecode compiler. Can be used just in time (as part of a JVM) or ahead of time.
SubstrateVM - other things (runtime) needed to actually run ahead-of-time compiled Java bytecode without a JVM. This powers the "native-image" command of GraalVM.
Truffle - framework for implementing languages as AST interpreters which can be just-in-time compiled using graal. Some notable languages implemented are JavaScript, Ruby, R and LLVM bitcode.
GraalVM - most of these technologies packaged together in order to support different use cases, for example: running JVM programs (i.e. anything that compiles to Java bytecode) using Graal as the JIT compiler for better peak performance, ahead-of-time compiling JVM programs for fast startup and low memory footprint, running fast dynamic languages (JS, R, Ruby) that can interoperate without overhead, and so on.
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/53973486/could-someone-please-explain-the-differences-between-graal-graalvm-truffle-s