MySQL整数数据类型bigint

狂风中的少年 提交于 2020-02-18 07:50:45

一、bigint类型说明

id      bigint(M)                       [UNSIGNED]   [ZEROFILL] 
字段名  字段类型(显示长度,创建表时不指定长度)  [无符号]     [前导填充]

unsigned
01:bigint(M)后面加上unsigned,就是无符号,只可插入正整数,其bigint的范围是
   0至18446744073709551615;
02:8字节就是64位,那么2的64次方减1就是18446744073709551615;
03:因为加了unsigned就是正整数,也就是无符号,所以范围:0至18446744073709551615;
04:18446744073709551615长度是20;不指定bigint长度,例如:bigint unsigned,显示
    长度就是bigint(20),当插入的正整数长度达不到长度20时,不会自动补充,也就1显示1; 
    18446744073709551615显示的就是18446744073709551615;
zerofill
01:bigint(M)后面加上zerofill参数,会把unsigned带上,也就是无符号,只可插入正整数,
    其范围是0至18446744073709551615;
02:8字节就是64位,那么2的64次方减1就是18446744073709551615;
03:因为会把unsigned带上,所以就是正整数,也就是无符号,范围是:0至18446744073709551615;
04:18446744073709551615长度是20,不指定长度时,例如:bigint zerofill,其显示
   长度就是20,当你插入的正整数够不够达不到长度20时,都前导0填,如下所示:
   1显示00000000000000000001;18446744073709551615显示18446744073709551615;
不加unsigned和zerofill
不在bigint后加上unsigned或zerofill,其默认是有符号,也就可以插入正整数和负整数,
且负整数和正整数的最大数的长度是20,但是因为要显示符号("-"),所以长度是bigint(21),
虽然显示长度是21,但对于插入的整数长度达不到长度21时,不会自动前导零填充;
特别说明
01:在为字段指定类型时,一般不指定数据类型的长度,例如:bigint或bigint unsigned
02:插入的数据若超出范围,能否插入成功,这个得根据sql_mode中是否开启严格模式,即sql_mode
参数中是否包含STRICT_TRANS_TABLES变量;

二、实践环境准备

-- 数据库版本和默认的存储引擎
mysql> select @@version,@@default_storage_engine;
+------------+--------------------------+
| @@version  | @@default_storage_engine |
+------------+--------------------------+
| 5.7.28-log | InnoDB                   |
+------------+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

-- 创建chenliang库
mysql> create database if not exists chenliang;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> show databases like "chenliang";
+----------------------+
| Database (chenliang) |
+----------------------+
| chenliang            |
+----------------------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)

-- 进入chenliang库
mysql> use chenliang;
Database changed

mysql> select database();
+------------+
| database() |
+------------+
| chenliang  |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

-- 查看事务是否自动提交
mysql> select @@global.autocommit;
+---------------------+
| @@global.autocommit |
+---------------------+
|                   1 |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

三、 测试1【加unsigned参数】

SQL_MODE中开启了严格模式,即SQL_MODE参数中包含STRICT_TRANS_TABLES参数

-- 设置会话模式下sql_mode中包含strict_trans_tables变量
mysql> set session sql_mode="STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select @@sql_mode\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
@@sql_mode: STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

-- 创建test1表(这里加unsigned参数,也就是无符号)
mysql> create table if not exists test1(
    -> id bigint unsigned
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

  -- PS
  -- id字段类型是bigint,且加上了unsigned,其范围是0至18446744073709551615;
  -- 显示的长度是bigint(20),因为18446744073709551615的长度是20

-- 查看test1表的表结构
mysql> desc test1;
+-------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type                | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | bigint(20) unsigned | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

-- 测试插入0~18446744073709551615范围的整数和不在该范围内的整数
mysql> insert into test1(id) values(-1);                     # 错误,不在范围内
ERROR 1264 (22003): Out of range value for column 'id' at row 1

mysql> insert into test1(id) values(0);                      # 正确,在范围内
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into test1(id) values(18446744073709551615);   # 正确,在范围内
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into test1(id) values(18446744073709551616);   # 错误,不在范围内
ERROR 1264 (22003): Out of range value for column 'id' at row 1

mysql> select * from test1;
+----------------------+
| id                   |
+----------------------+
|                    0 |
| 18446744073709551615 |
+----------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

SQL_MODE末开启严格模式,即SQL_MODE参数中不包含STRICT_TRANS_TABLES参数

-- 设置会话模式下sql_mode中不开启严格模式,即不包含strict_trans_tables变量
mysql> set session sql_mode="NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION";
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> select @@sql_mode\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
@@sql_mode: NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

-- 创建test11表(这里加unsigned参数,也就是无符号)
mysql> create table if not exists test11(
    -> id bigint unsigned
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

  -- PS
  -- id字段类型是bigint,且加上了unsigned,其范围是0至18446744073709551615;
  -- 显示的长度是bigint(20),因为18446744073709551615的长度是20

-- 查看test11表的表结构
mysql> desc test11;
+-------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type                | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | bigint(20) unsigned | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

-- 测试插入0~18446744073709551615范围的整数和不在该范围内的整数
mysql> insert into test11(id) values(-1); 
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
  -- 不在范围内,但未报错(因为sql_mode中未开启严格模式)
  -- 插入到表中的数据不是-1,而是0

mysql> insert into test11(id) values(0);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
  -- 在范围内,不报错,插入的是什么就是什么

mysql> insert into test11(id) values(18446744073709551615);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
  -- 在范围内,不报错,插入的是什么就是什么

mysql> insert into test11(id) values(18446744073709551616);
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
  -- 不在范围内,但未报错(因为sql_mode中未开启严格模式)
  -- 插入到表中的数据不是18446744073709551616,而是18446744073709551615

mysql> select * from test11;
+----------------------+
| id                   |
+----------------------+
|                    0 |
|                    0 |
| 18446744073709551615 |
| 18446744073709551615 |
+----------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

四、测试2【加zerofill参数】

SQL_MODE中开启了严格模式,即SQL_MODE参数中包含STRICT_TRANS_TABLES参数

-- 设置会话模式下sql_mode中包含strict_trans_tables变量
mysql> set session sql_mode="STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select @@sql_mode\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
@@sql_mode: STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

-- 创建表test2(这里指定了zerofill参数,也就是前导0填充)
mysql> create table if not exists test2(
    -> id bigint zerofill
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

  -- PS
  -- id字段的类型为bigint zerofill参数,会把unsigned参数也带上,范围是0至
  -- 18446744073709551615;
  -- 其显示长度是bigint(20),因为18446744073709551615的长度是20

-- 查看test2表的表结构
mysql> desc test2;
+-------+------------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type                         | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+------------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | bigint(20) unsigned zerofill | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+------------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

-- 测试插入0~18446744073709551615范围的整数和不在该范围内的整数
mysql> insert into test2(id) values(-1);                     # 错误,不在范围内
ERROR 1264 (22003): Out of range value for column 'id' at row 1

mysql> insert into test2(id) values(0);                      # 正确,在范围内
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into test2(id) values(18446744073709551615);   # 正确,在范围内
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into test2(id) values(18446744073709551616);  # 错误,不在范围内
ERROR 1264 (22003): Out of range value for column 'id' at row 1

mysql> select * from test2;
+----------------------+
| id                   |
+----------------------+
| 00000000000000000000 |
| 18446744073709551615 |
+----------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

SQL_MODE末开启严格模式,即SQL_MODE参数中不包含STRICT_TRANS_TABLES参数

-- 设置会话模式下sql_mode中不开启严格模式,即不包含strict_trans_tables变量
mysql> set session sql_mode="NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION";
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> select @@sql_mode\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
@@sql_mode: NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

-- 创建test22表(这里指定了zerofill参数,也就是前导0填充)
mysql> create table if not exists test22(
    -> id bigint zerofill
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

  -- PS
  -- id字段的类型为bigint zerofill参数,会把unsigned参数也带上,范围是0至
  -- 18446744073709551615;
  -- 其显示长度是bigint(20),因为18446744073709551615的长度是20

-- 查看test22表的表结构
mysql> desc test22;
+-------+------------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type                         | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+------------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | bigint(20) unsigned zerofill | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+------------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

-- 测试插入0~18446744073709551615范围的整数和不在该范围内的整数
mysql> insert into test22(id) values(-1);
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
  -- 不在范围内,但未报错(因为sql_mode中未开启严格模式)
  -- 插入到表中的数据不是-1,而是0,因为有zerofill参数,所以会前导零填充

mysql> insert into test22(id) values(0);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
  -- 在范围内,不会报错,插入的数据昌0,因zerofill参数,但会前导零填充

mysql> insert into test22(id) values(18446744073709551615);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
  -- 在范围内,不会报错,插入的数据是最大值了,所以不会前导零填充

mysql> insert into test22(id) values(18446744073709551616);
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
  -- 不在范围内,但未报错(因为sql_mode中未开启严格模式)
  -- 插入到表中的数据不是18446744073709551616,而是18446744073709551615 

mysql> select * from test22;
+----------------------+
| id                   |
+----------------------+
| 00000000000000000000 |
| 00000000000000000000 |
| 18446744073709551615 |
| 18446744073709551615 |
+----------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

五、测试3【不加unsigned和zerofill参数】

SQL_MODE中开启了严格模式,即SQL_MODE参数中包含STRICT_TRANS_TABLES参数

-- 设置会话模式下sql_mode中包含strict_trans_tables变量
mysql> set session sql_mode="STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select @@sql_mode\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
@@sql_mode: STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

-- 创建表test3(不指定unsigned和zerofill参数,也就是有符号)
mysql> create table if not exists test3(
    -> id bigint
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

  -- PS
  -- id字段的类型是bigint,没有加unsigned和zerofill参数控制,其范围
  -- 是:-9223372036854775808至9223372036854775807
  -- 其显示长度是bigint(21),因为要显示符号("-"),所以是21;

-- 查看test3表的表结构
mysql> desc test3;
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type       | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | bigint(21) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

-- 测试插入-9223372036854775808至9223372036854775807范围的整数和不在该范围内的整数
mysql> insert into test3(id) values(-9223372036854775809);   # 错误,不在范围内
ERROR 1264 (22003): Out of range value for column 'id' at row 1 

mysql> insert into test3(id) values(-9223372036854775808);   # 正确,在范围内
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into test3(id) values(9223372036854775807);    # 正确,在范围内
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into test3(id) values(9223372036854775808);    # 错误,不在范围内
ERROR 1264 (22003): Out of range value for column 'id' at row 1

mysql> select * from test3;
+----------------------+
| id                   |
+----------------------+
| -9223372036854775808 |
|  9223372036854775807 |
+----------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

SQL_MODE末开启严格模式,即SQL_MODE参数中不包含STRICT_TRANS_TABLES参数

-- 设置会话模式下sql_mode中不开启严格模式,即不包含strict_trans_tables变量
mysql> set session sql_mode="NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION";
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> select @@sql_mode\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
@@sql_mode: NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

-- 创建test33表(不指定unsigned和zerofill参数)
mysql> create table if not exists test33(
    -> id bigint
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

  -- PS
  -- id字段的类型是bigint,没有加unsigned和zerofill参数控制,其范围
  -- 是:-9223372036854775808至9223372036854775807
  -- 其显示长度是bigint(21),因为要显示符号("-"),所以是21;

-- 查看test33表的表结构
mysql> desc test33;
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type       | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | bigint(20) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

-- 测试插入-9223372036854775808至9223372036854775807范围的整数和不在该范围内的整数
mysql> insert into test33(id) values(-9223372036854775809);
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
  -- 不在范围内,但未报错(因为sql_mode中没有开启严格模式)
  -- 插入到表中数据不是-9223372036854775809,而是-9223372036854775808

mysql> insert into test33(id) values(-9223372036854775808);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
  -- 在范围内,不报错,插入的是什么就是什么

mysql> insert into test33(id) values(9223372036854775807);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
  -- 在范围内,不报错,插入的是什么就是什么

mysql> insert into test33(id) values(9223372036854775808);
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
  -- 不在范围内,但未报错(因为sql_mode中没有开启严格模式)
  -- 插入到表中数据不是9223372036854775808,而是9223372036854775807

mysql> select * from test33;
+----------------------+
| id                   |
+----------------------+
| -9223372036854775808 |
| -9223372036854775808 |
|  9223372036854775807 |
|  9223372036854775807 |
+----------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

易学教程内所有资源均来自网络或用户发布的内容,如有违反法律规定的内容欢迎反馈
该文章没有解决你所遇到的问题?点击提问,说说你的问题,让更多的人一起探讨吧!