ArrayList:采用数组的内部构建形式,也就是顺序存储模式。当新增一个对象时,如果当前长度超过预设,会使用System.arraycopy(定义一个更长的数组进行复制处理),这个时候开销比较大。
System.arraycopy,数组长度小于32的采用的是java层的遍历处理,长数组采用的是native层的处理 /** * The byte array length threshold below which to use a Java * (non-native) version of arraycopy() instead of the native * version. See b/7103825. */ private static final int ARRAYCOPY_SHORT_BYTE_ARRAY_THRESHOLD = 32; /** * The byte[] specialized version of arraycopy(). * * @hide internal use only */ public static void arraycopy(byte[] src, int srcPos, byte[] dst, int dstPos, int length) { if (src == null) { throw new NullPointerException("src == null"); } if (dst == null) { throw new NullPointerException("dst == null"); } if (srcPos < 0 || dstPos < 0 || length < 0 || srcPos > src.length - length || dstPos > dst.length - length) { throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException( "src.length=" + src.length + " srcPos=" + srcPos + " dst.length=" + dst.length + " dstPos=" + dstPos + " length=" + length); } if (length <= ARRAYCOPY_SHORT_BYTE_ARRAY_THRESHOLD) { // Copy byte by byte for shorter arrays. if (src == dst && srcPos < dstPos && dstPos < srcPos + length) { // Copy backward (to avoid overwriting elements before // they are copied in case of an overlap on the same // array.) for (int i = length - 1; i >= 0; --i) { dst[dstPos + i] = src[srcPos + i]; } } else { // Copy forward. for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i) { dst[dstPos + i] = src[srcPos + i]; } } } else { // Call the native version for longer arrays. arraycopyByteUnchecked(src, srcPos, dst, dstPos, length); } }
新增时间复杂度o(n)
@Override public boolean add(E object) { Object[] a = array; int s = size; if (s == a.length) { Object[] newArray = new Object[s + (s < (MIN_CAPACITY_INCREMENT / 2) ? MIN_CAPACITY_INCREMENT : s >> 1)]; System.arraycopy(a, 0, newArray, 0, s); array = a = newArray; } a[s] = object; size = s + 1; modCount++; return true; }
删除时间复杂度o(n)
@Override public E remove(int index) { Object[] a = array; int s = size; if (index >= s) { throwIndexOutOfBoundsException(index, s); } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") E result = (E) a[index]; System.arraycopy(a, index + 1, a, index, --s - index); a[s] = null; // Prevent memory leak size = s; modCount++; return result; }
获取数据,采用的是数据下标的形式,具有高的查询效率时间复杂度o(1)
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked") @Override public E get(int index) { if (index >= size) { throwIndexOutOfBoundsException(index, size); } return (E) array[index]; }
ArrayList,是一个顺序存储结构,内部采用数组的形式构建。能够高效的随机访问元素,时间复杂度为0(1),但对于快速插入及删除元素,效率较低,时间复杂度为0(n)。
另外Vector跟ArrayList都是实现了List接口。Vector同样也是顺序的存储结构。两者主要的区别如下:
(1)Vector是线程安全,ArrayList是非线程安全
(2)2者扩容机制不一样,Vector可以设置capacityIncrement增长因子,ArrayList大于MIN_CAPACITY_INCREMENT/2时增长0.5倍数。
来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/huangjunbin/p/6062848.html