SNMP指的是简单网络管理协议。它属于TCP/IP五层协议中的应用层协议。它提供了一种简单和方便的模式来管理网络中的各个元素。这里的元素就是各个被管理的对象,可以是因特网中的某个硬件,比如网卡,也可以是某些硬件和软件的配置参数的集合。由于SNMP协议简单可靠 ,受到了众多厂商的欢迎,成为了目前最为广泛的网管协议。
SNMP协议主要由两大部分构成:SNMP管理站和SNMP代理。SNMP管理站是一个中心节点,负责收集维护各个SNMP元素的信息,并对这些信息进行处理,最后反馈给网络管理员;而SNMP代理是运行在各个被管理的网络节点之上,负责统计该节点的各项信息,并且负责与SNMP管理站交互,接收并执行管理站的命令,上传各种本地的网络信息。
SNMP管理站和SNMP代理之间是松散耦合。他们之间的通信是通过UDP协议完成的。一般情况下,SNMP管理站通过UDP协议向SNMP代理发送各种命令,当SNMP代理收到命令后,返回SNMP管理站需要的参数。但是当SNMP代理检测到网络元素异常的时候,也可以主动向SNMP管理站发送消息,通告当前异常状况。
SNMP协议于1988年发布。到目前一共经历了V1,V2,V3三个版本。其中V1已经被废弃,而V2c虽然没有能够成为正式标准,但是已经被很多厂家所接受,V3目前是因特网的正式标准。与V1相比,V2,V3更能适应大规模的网络管理,而且在安全方面有了较大的改进。
二、Win7开启SNMP服务
通过SNMP监控Windows主机需要在被监控的服务器上安装简单网络管理协议(SNMP)的Windows组件,以Windows 7系统为例:
首先,在控制面板中找到“卸载程序”;
在弹出的窗口中单击“打开或关闭Windows功能”;
勾选弹出窗口中的“简单网络管理协议(SNMP)”项后单击“确定”并根据提示完成安装即可。
完成SNMP服务的安装后,右键单击“计算机”选择“管理”
在弹出的“计算机管理”窗口中左侧导航栏中找到“服务”,并在右侧找到“SNMP Service”项;
鼠标双击“SNMP Service”选项,在弹出的窗口中切换到“安全”选项卡中,如上图添加“接受的社区名称”和接收那些主机发出的SNMP数据包。
“接受的社区名称”是自己定义的任意字符都可以,接收那些主机发出的SNMP数据包定义成你的监控服务器即可。到这里被监控端的Windows主机的SNMP服务就配置完成了。
二、Linux
service snmpd status #查看是否安装snmp
yum install -y net-snmp* #若没安装,则安装
2、先编辑Snmp的配置文件,设置安全的验证方式
vi /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf
3、设置完毕,开关SNMP
service snmpd start
service snmpd stop
4、设置SNMP开机自动启动
chkconfig snmpd on
chkconfig snmpd off
5、增强的SNMP安全性
/etc/sysconfig/iptables 中
iptables -A INPUT -p udp -s 192.168.2.18 --dport 161 -j ACCEPT
service iptables save
以上做的目的,就是只让指定的监控服务器(IP)才能与您的SNMP服务建立连接。
三、snmp4j例子
1、获取CPU利用率方法
//获取cpu使用率
public static void collectCPU() {
TransportMapping transport = null ;
Snmp snmp = null ;
CommunityTarget target;
String[] oids = {"1.3.6.1.2.1.25.3.3.1.2"};
try {
transport = new DefaultUdpTransportMapping();
snmp = new Snmp(transport);//创建snmp
snmp.listen();//监听消息
target = new CommunityTarget();
target.setCommunity(new OctetString("public"));
target.setRetries(2);
target.setAddress(GenericAddress.parse("udp:127.0.0.1/161"));
target.setTimeout(8000);
target.setVersion(SnmpConstants.version2c);
TableUtils tableUtils = new TableUtils(snmp, new PDUFactory() {
@Override
public PDU createPDU(Target arg0) {
PDU request = new PDU();
request.setType(PDU.GET);
return request;
}
});
OID[] columns = new OID[oids.length];
for (int i = 0; i < oids.length; i++)
columns[i] = new OID(oids[i]);
List<TableEvent> list = tableUtils.getTable(target, columns, null, null);
if(list.size()==1 && list.get(0).getColumns()==null){
System.out.println(" null");
}else{
int percentage = 0;
for(TableEvent event : list){
VariableBinding[] values = event.getColumns();
if(values != null)
percentage += Integer.parseInt(values[0].getVariable().toString());
}
System.out.println("CPU利用率为:"+percentage/list.size()+"%");
}
} catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
try {
if(transport!=null)
transport.close();
if(snmp!=null)
snmp.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
2、获取内存信息方法
//获取内存相关信息
public static void collectMemory() {
TransportMapping transport = null ;
Snmp snmp = null ;
CommunityTarget target;
String[] oids = {"1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.2", //type 存储单元类型
"1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.3", //descr
"1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.4", //unit 存储单元大小
"1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.5", //size 总存储单元数
"1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.6"}; //used 使用存储单元数;
String PHYSICAL_MEMORY_OID = "1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.1.2";//物理存储
String VIRTUAL_MEMORY_OID = "1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.1.3"; //虚拟存储
try {
transport = new DefaultUdpTransportMapping();
snmp = new Snmp(transport);//创建snmp
snmp.listen();//监听消息
target = new CommunityTarget();
target.setCommunity(new OctetString("public"));
target.setRetries(2);
target.setAddress(GenericAddress.parse("udp:127.0.0.1/161"));
target.setTimeout(8000);
target.setVersion(SnmpConstants.version2c);
TableUtils tableUtils = new TableUtils(snmp, new PDUFactory() {
@Override
public PDU createPDU(Target arg0) {
PDU request = new PDU();
request.setType(PDU.GET);
return request;
}
});
OID[] columns = new OID[oids.length];
for (int i = 0; i < oids.length; i++)
columns[i] = new OID(oids[i]);
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
List<TableEvent> list = tableUtils.getTable(target, columns, null, null);
if(list.size()==1 && list.get(0).getColumns()==null){
System.out.println(" null");
}else{
for(TableEvent event : list){
VariableBinding[] values = event.getColumns();
if(values == null) continue;
int unit = Integer.parseInt(values[2].getVariable().toString());//unit 存储单元大小
int totalSize = Integer.parseInt(values[3].getVariable().toString());//size 总存储单元数
int usedSize = Integer.parseInt(values[4].getVariable().toString());//used 使用存储单元数
String oid = values[0].getVariable().toString();
if (PHYSICAL_MEMORY_OID.equals(oid)){
System.out.println("PHYSICAL_MEMORY----->物理内存大小:"+(long)totalSize * unit/(1024*1024*1024)+"G 内存使用率为:"+(long)usedSize*100/totalSize+"%");
}else if (VIRTUAL_MEMORY_OID.equals(oid)) {
System.out.println("VIRTUAL_MEMORY----->虚拟内存大小:"+(long)totalSize * unit/(1024*1024*1024)+"G 内存使用率为:"+(long)usedSize*100/totalSize+"%");
}
}
}
} catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
try {
if(transport!=null)
transport.close();
if(snmp!=null)
snmp.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
3、获取磁盘信息方法
//获取磁盘相关信息
public static void collectDisk() {
TransportMapping transport = null ;
Snmp snmp = null ;
CommunityTarget target;
String DISK_OID = "1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.1.4";
String[] oids = {"1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.2", //type 存储单元类型
"1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.3", //descr
"1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.4", //unit 存储单元大小
"1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.5", //size 总存储单元数
"1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.6"}; //used 使用存储单元数;
try {
transport = new DefaultUdpTransportMapping();
snmp = new Snmp(transport);//创建snmp
snmp.listen();//监听消息
target = new CommunityTarget();
target.setCommunity(new OctetString("public"));
target.setRetries(2);
target.setAddress(GenericAddress.parse("udp:127.0.0.1/161"));
target.setTimeout(8000);
target.setVersion(SnmpConstants.version2c);
TableUtils tableUtils = new TableUtils(snmp, new PDUFactory() {
@Override
public PDU createPDU(Target arg0) {
PDU request = new PDU();
request.setType(PDU.GET);
return request;
}
});
OID[] columns = new OID[oids.length];
for (int i = 0; i < oids.length; i++)
columns[i] = new OID(oids[i]);
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
List<TableEvent> list = tableUtils.getTable(target, columns, null, null);
if(list.size()==1 && list.get(0).getColumns()==null){
System.out.println(" null");
}else{
for(TableEvent event : list){
VariableBinding[] values = event.getColumns();
if(values == null ||!DISK_OID.equals(values[0].getVariable().toString()))
continue;
int unit = Integer.parseInt(values[2].getVariable().toString());//unit 存储单元大小
int totalSize = Integer.parseInt(values[3].getVariable().toString());//size 总存储单元数
int usedSize = Integer.parseInt(values[4].getVariable().toString());//used 使用存储单元数
System.out.println(getChinese(values[1].getVariable().toString())+" 磁盘大小:"+(long)totalSize*unit/(1024*1024*1024)+"G 磁盘使用率为:"+(long)usedSize*100/totalSize+"%");
}
}
} catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
try {
if(transport!=null)
transport.close();
if(snmp!=null)
snmp.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
4、获取服务器进程信息方法
//服务器进程集合信息
public static void collectProcess() {
TransportMapping transport = null ;
Snmp snmp = null ;
CommunityTarget target;
String[] oids =
{"1.3.6.1.2.1.25.4.2.1.1", //index
"1.3.6.1.2.1.25.4.2.1.2", //name
"1.3.6.1.2.1.25.4.2.1.4", //run path
"1.3.6.1.2.1.25.4.2.1.6", //type
"1.3.6.1.2.1.25.5.1.1.1", //cpu
"1.3.6.1.2.1.25.5.1.1.2"}; //memory
try {
transport = new DefaultUdpTransportMapping();
snmp = new Snmp(transport);
snmp.listen();
target = new CommunityTarget();
target.setCommunity(new OctetString("public"));
target.setRetries(2);
target.setAddress(GenericAddress.parse("udp:127.0.0.1/161"));
target.setTimeout(8000);
target.setVersion(SnmpConstants.version2c);
TableUtils tableUtils = new TableUtils(snmp, new PDUFactory() {
@Override
public PDU createPDU(Target arg0) {
PDU request = new PDU();
request.setType(PDU.GET);
return request;
}
});
OID[] columns = new OID[oids.length];
for (int i = 0; i < oids.length; i++)
columns[i] = new OID(oids[i]);
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
List<TableEvent> list = tableUtils.getTable(target, columns, null, null);
if(list.size()==1 && list.get(0).getColumns()==null){
System.out.println(" null");
}else{
for(TableEvent event : list){
VariableBinding[] values = event.getColumns();
if(values == null) continue;
String name = values[1].getVariable().toString();//name
String cpu = values[4].getVariable().toString();//cpu
String memory = values[5].getVariable().toString();//memory
String path = values[2].getVariable().toString();//path
System.out.println("name--->"+name+" cpu--->"+cpu+" memory--->"+memory+" path--->"+path);
}
}
} catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
try {
if(transport!=null)
transport.close();
if(snmp!=null)
snmp.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
5、获取服务器系统服务方法
//服务器系统服务集合
public static void collectService() {
TransportMapping transport = null ;
Snmp snmp = null ;
CommunityTarget target;
String[] oids =
{"1.3.6.1.4.1.77.1.2.3.1.1"};
try {
transport = new DefaultUdpTransportMapping();
snmp = new Snmp(transport);
snmp.listen();
target = new CommunityTarget();
target.setCommunity(new OctetString("public"));
target.setRetries(2);
target.setAddress(GenericAddress.parse("udp:127.0.0.1/161"));
target.setTimeout(8000);
target.setVersion(SnmpConstants.version2c);
TableUtils tableUtils = new TableUtils(snmp, new PDUFactory() {
@Override
public PDU createPDU(Target arg0) {
PDU request = new PDU();
request.setType(PDU.GET);
return request;
}
});
OID[] columns = new OID[oids.length];
for (int i = 0; i < oids.length; i++)
columns[i] = new OID(oids[i]);
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
List<TableEvent> list = tableUtils.getTable(target, columns, null, null);
if(list.size()==1 && list.get(0).getColumns()==null){
System.out.println(" null");
}else{
for(TableEvent event : list){
VariableBinding[] values = event.getColumns();
if(values == null) continue;
String name = values[0].getVariable().toString();//name
System.out.println("名称--->"+getChinese(name));//中文乱码,需要转为utf-8编码
}
}
} catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
try {
if(transport!=null)
transport.close();
if(snmp!=null)
snmp.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
6、获取接口信息方法
//服务器接口集合
public static void collectInterface() {
TransportMapping transport = null ;
Snmp snmp = null ;
CommunityTarget target;
String[] IF_OIDS =
{"1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.1", //Index
"1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2", //descr
"1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.3", //type
"1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.5", //speed
"1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.6", //mac
"1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.7", //adminStatus
"1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.8", //operStatus
"1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10", //inOctets
"1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.16", //outOctets
"1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.14", //inError
"1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.20", //outError
"1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.13", //inDiscard
"1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.19", //outDiscard
"1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.11", //inUcastPkts
"1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.17", //outUcastPkts
"1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.12", //inNUcastPkts
"1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.18"};//outNUcastPkts
String[] IP_OIDS =
{"1.3.6.1.2.1.4.20.1.1", //ipAdEntAddr
"1.3.6.1.2.1.4.20.1.2", //ipAdEntIfIndex
"1.3.6.1.2.1.4.20.1.3"};//ipAdEntNetMask
try {
transport = new DefaultUdpTransportMapping();
snmp = new Snmp(transport);
snmp.listen();
target = new CommunityTarget();
target.setCommunity(new OctetString("public"));
target.setRetries(2);
target.setAddress(GenericAddress.parse("udp:127.0.0.1/161"));
target.setTimeout(8000);
target.setVersion(SnmpConstants.version2c);
TableUtils tableUtils = new TableUtils(snmp, new PDUFactory() {
@Override
public PDU createPDU(Target arg0) {
PDU request = new PDU();
request.setType(PDU.GET);
return request;
}
});
OID[] columns = new OID[IF_OIDS.length];
for (int i = 0; i < IF_OIDS.length; i++)
columns[i] = new OID(IF_OIDS[i]);
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
List<TableEvent> list = tableUtils.getTable(target, columns, null, null);
if(list.size()==1 && list.get(0).getColumns()==null){
System.out.println(" null");
}else{
for(TableEvent event : list){
VariableBinding[] values = event.getColumns();
if(values == null) continue;
System.out.println("interface ---Index:"+values[0].getVariable().toString()+" descr:"+getChinese(values[1].getVariable().toString())+" type:"+values[2].getVariable().toString()+" speed:"+values[3].getVariable().toString()+" mac:"+getChinese(values[4].getVariable().toString())+" adminStatus:"+values[5].getVariable().toString()+" operStatus:"+values[6].getVariable().toString());
}
}
//获取ip
OID[] ipcolumns = new OID[IP_OIDS.length];
for (int i = 0; i < IP_OIDS.length; i++)
ipcolumns[i] = new OID(IP_OIDS[i]);
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
List<TableEvent> iplist = tableUtils.getTable(target, ipcolumns, null, null);
if(iplist.size()==1 && iplist.get(0).getColumns()==null){
System.out.println(" null");
}else{
for(TableEvent event : iplist){
VariableBinding[] values = event.getColumns();
if(values == null) continue;
System.out.println(" IP--->ipAdEntAddr:"+values[0].getVariable().toString()+" ipAdEntIfIndex:"+values[1].getVariable().toString()+" ipAdEntNetMask:"+values[2].getVariable().toString());
}
}
} catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
try {
if(transport!=null)
transport.close();
if(snmp!=null)
snmp.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
7、获取端口信息方法
//服务器端口集合
public static void collectPort() {
TransportMapping transport = null ;
Snmp snmp = null ;
CommunityTarget target;
String[] TCP_CONN = {"1.3.6.1.2.1.6.13.1.1", //status
"1.3.6.1.2.1.6.13.1.3"}; //port
String[] UDP_CONN = {"1.3.6.1.2.1.7.5.1.2"};
try {
transport = new DefaultUdpTransportMapping();
snmp = new Snmp(transport);
snmp.listen();
target = new CommunityTarget();
target.setCommunity(new OctetString("public"));
target.setRetries(2);
target.setAddress(GenericAddress.parse("udp:127.0.0.1/161"));
target.setTimeout(8000);
target.setVersion(SnmpConstants.version2c);
TableUtils tableUtils = new TableUtils(snmp, new PDUFactory() {
@Override
public PDU createPDU(Target arg0) {
PDU request = new PDU();
request.setType(PDU.GET);
return request;
}
});
//获取TCP 端口
OID[] columns = new OID[TCP_CONN.length];
for (int i = 0; i < TCP_CONN.length; i++)
columns[i] = new OID(TCP_CONN[i]);
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
List<TableEvent> list = tableUtils.getTable(target, columns, null, null);
if(list.size()==1 && list.get(0).getColumns()==null){
System.out.println(" null");
}else{
for(TableEvent event : list){
VariableBinding[] values = event.getColumns();
if(values == null) continue;
int status = Integer.parseInt(values[0].getVariable().toString());
System.out.println("status--->"+status+" TCP_port--->"+values[1].getVariable().toString());
}
}
//获取udp 端口
OID[] udpcolumns = new OID[UDP_CONN.length];
for (int i = 0; i < UDP_CONN.length; i++)
udpcolumns[i] = new OID(UDP_CONN[i]);
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
List<TableEvent> udplist = tableUtils.getTable(target, udpcolumns, null, null);
if(udplist.size()==1 && udplist.get(0).getColumns()==null){
System.out.println(" null");
}else{
for(TableEvent event : udplist){
VariableBinding[] values = event.getColumns();
if(values == null) continue;
String name = values[0].getVariable().toString();//name
System.out.println("UDP_port--->"+name);
}
}
} catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
try {
if(transport!=null)
transport.close();
if(snmp!=null)
snmp.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
8、获取安装的软件信息方法
//服务器安装软件集合
public static void collectSoft() {
TransportMapping transport = null ;
Snmp snmp = null ;
CommunityTarget target;
String[] oids =
{ "1.3.6.1.2.1.25.6.3.1.2", //software
"1.3.6.1.2.1.25.6.3.1.4", //type
"1.3.6.1.2.1.25.6.3.1.5"}; //install date
try {
transport = new DefaultUdpTransportMapping();
snmp = new Snmp(transport);
snmp.listen();
target = new CommunityTarget();
target.setCommunity(new OctetString("public"));
target.setRetries(2);
target.setAddress(GenericAddress.parse("udp:127.0.0.1/161"));
target.setTimeout(8000);
target.setVersion(SnmpConstants.version2c);
TableUtils tableUtils = new TableUtils(snmp, new PDUFactory() {
@Override
public PDU createPDU(Target arg0) {
PDU request = new PDU();
request.setType(PDU.GET);
return request;
}
});
OID[] columns = new OID[oids.length];
for (int i = 0; i < oids.length; i++)
columns[i] = new OID(oids[i]);
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
List<TableEvent> list = tableUtils.getTable(target, columns, null, null);
if(list.size()==1 && list.get(0).getColumns()==null){
System.out.println(" null");
}else{
for(TableEvent event : list){
VariableBinding[] values = event.getColumns();
if(values == null) continue;
String software = values[0].getVariable().toString();//software
String type = values[1].getVariable().toString();//type
String date = values[2].getVariable().toString();//date
System.out.println("软件名称--->"+getChinese(software)+" type--->"+type+" 安装时间--->"+hexToDateTime(date.replace("'", "")));
}
}
} catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
try {
if(transport!=null)
transport.close();
if(snmp!=null)
snmp.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
9、其他方法
/**
* 获取磁盘的中文名字
* 解决snmp4j中文乱码问题
*/
public static String getChinese(String octetString){
if(octetString == null || "".equals(octetString)
|| "null".equalsIgnoreCase(octetString)) return "";
try{
String[] temps = octetString.split(":");
if(temps.length < 2)
return octetString;
byte[] bs = new byte[temps.length];
for(int i=0;i<temps.length;i++)
bs[i] = (byte)Integer.parseInt(temps[i],16);
return new String(bs,"GB2312");
}catch(Exception e){
return null;
}
}
/**
* 将16进制的时间转换成标准的时间格式
*/
private static String hexToDateTime(String hexString) {
if(hexString == null || "".equals(hexString))
return "";
String dateTime = "";
try {
byte[] values = OctetString.fromHexString(hexString).getValue();
int year, month, day, hour, minute;
year = values[0] * 256 + 256 + values[1];
month = values[2];
day = values[3];
hour = values[4];
minute = values[5];
char format_str[] = new char[22];
int index = 3;
int temp = year;
for (; index >= 0; index--) {
format_str[index] = (char) (48 + (temp - temp / 10 * 10));
temp /= 10;
}
format_str[4] = '-';
index = 6;
temp = month;
for (; index >= 5; index--) {
format_str[index] = (char) (48 + (temp - temp / 10 * 10));
temp /= 10;
}
format_str[7] = '-';
index = 9;
temp = day;
for (; index >= 8; index--) {
format_str[index] = (char) (48 + (temp - temp / 10 * 10));
temp /= 10;
}
format_str[10] = ' ';
index = 12;
temp = hour;
for (; index >= 11; index--) {
format_str[index] = (char) (48 + (temp - temp / 10 * 10));
temp /= 10;
}
format_str[13] = ':';
index = 15;
temp = minute;
for (; index >= 14; index--) {
format_str[index] = (char) (48 + (temp - temp / 10 * 10));
temp /= 10;
}
dateTime = new String(format_str,0,format_str.length).substring(0, 16);
} catch (Exception e) {
//LogFactory.getLog(getClass()).error(e);
}
return dateTime;
}
SNMP指的是简单网络管理协议。它属于TCP/IP五层协议中的应用层协议。它提供了一种简单和方便的模式来管理网络中的各个元素。这里的元素就是各个被管理的对象,可以是因特网中的某个硬件,比如网卡,也可以是某些硬件和软件的配置参数的集合。由于SNMP协议简单可靠 ,受到了众多厂商的欢迎,成为了目前最为广泛的网管协议。
SNMP协议主要由两大部分构成:SNMP管理站和SNMP代理。SNMP管理站是一个中心节点,负责收集维护各个SNMP元素的信息,并对这些信息进行处理,最后反馈给网络管理员;而SNMP代理是运行在各个被管理的网络节点之上,负责统计该节点的各项信息,并且负责与SNMP管理站交互,接收并执行管理站的命令,上传各种本地的网络信息。
SNMP管理站和SNMP代理之间是松散耦合。他们之间的通信是通过UDP协议完成的。一般情况下,SNMP管理站通过UDP协议向SNMP代理发送各种命令,当SNMP代理收到命令后,返回SNMP管理站需要的参数。但是当SNMP代理检测到网络元素异常的时候,也可以主动向SNMP管理站发送消息,通告当前异常状况。
SNMP协议于1988年发布。到目前一共经历了V1,V2,V3三个版本。其中V1已经被废弃,而V2c虽然没有能够成为正式标准,但是已经被很多厂家所接受,V3目前是因特网的正式标准。与V1相比,V2,V3更能适应大规模的网络管理,而且在安全方面有了较大的改进。
二、Win7开启SNMP服务
通过SNMP监控Windows主机需要在被监控的服务器上安装简单网络管理协议(SNMP)的Windows组件,以Windows 7系统为例:
首先,在控制面板中找到“卸载程序”;
在弹出的窗口中单击“打开或关闭Windows功能”;
勾选弹出窗口中的“简单网络管理协议(SNMP)”项后单击“确定”并根据提示完成安装即可。
完成SNMP服务的安装后,右键单击“计算机”选择“管理”
在弹出的“计算机管理”窗口中左侧导航栏中找到“服务”,并在右侧找到“SNMP Service”项;
鼠标双击“SNMP Service”选项,在弹出的窗口中切换到“安全”选项卡中,如上图添加“接受的社区名称”和接收那些主机发出的SNMP数据包。
“接受的社区名称”是自己定义的任意字符都可以,接收那些主机发出的SNMP数据包定义成你的监控服务器即可。到这里被监控端的Windows主机的SNMP服务就配置完成了。
二、Linux
service snmpd status #查看是否安装snmp
yum install -y net-snmp* #若没安装,则安装
2、先编辑Snmp的配置文件,设置安全的验证方式
vi /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf
3、设置完毕,开关SNMP
service snmpd start
service snmpd stop
4、设置SNMP开机自动启动
chkconfig snmpd on
chkconfig snmpd off
5、增强的SNMP安全性
/etc/sysconfig/iptables 中
iptables -A INPUT -p udp -s 192.168.2.18 --dport 161 -j ACCEPT
service iptables save
以上做的目的,就是只让指定的监控服务器(IP)才能与您的SNMP服务建立连接。
三、snmp4j例子
1、获取CPU利用率方法
//获取cpu使用率
public static void collectCPU() {
TransportMapping transport = null ;
Snmp snmp = null ;
CommunityTarget target;
String[] oids = {"1.3.6.1.2.1.25.3.3.1.2"};
try {
transport = new DefaultUdpTransportMapping();
snmp = new Snmp(transport);//创建snmp
snmp.listen();//监听消息
target = new CommunityTarget();
target.setCommunity(new OctetString("public"));
target.setRetries(2);
target.setAddress(GenericAddress.parse("udp:127.0.0.1/161"));
target.setTimeout(8000);
target.setVersion(SnmpConstants.version2c);
TableUtils tableUtils = new TableUtils(snmp, new PDUFactory() {
@Override
public PDU createPDU(Target arg0) {
PDU request = new PDU();
request.setType(PDU.GET);
return request;
}
});
OID[] columns = new OID[oids.length];
for (int i = 0; i < oids.length; i++)
columns[i] = new OID(oids[i]);
List<TableEvent> list = tableUtils.getTable(target, columns, null, null);
if(list.size()==1 && list.get(0).getColumns()==null){
System.out.println(" null");
}else{
int percentage = 0;
for(TableEvent event : list){
VariableBinding[] values = event.getColumns();
if(values != null)
percentage += Integer.parseInt(values[0].getVariable().toString());
}
System.out.println("CPU利用率为:"+percentage/list.size()+"%");
}
} catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
try {
if(transport!=null)
transport.close();
if(snmp!=null)
snmp.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
2、获取内存信息方法
//获取内存相关信息
public static void collectMemory() {
TransportMapping transport = null ;
Snmp snmp = null ;
CommunityTarget target;
String[] oids = {"1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.2", //type 存储单元类型
"1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.3", //descr
"1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.4", //unit 存储单元大小
"1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.5", //size 总存储单元数
"1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.6"}; //used 使用存储单元数;
String PHYSICAL_MEMORY_OID = "1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.1.2";//物理存储
String VIRTUAL_MEMORY_OID = "1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.1.3"; //虚拟存储
try {
transport = new DefaultUdpTransportMapping();
snmp = new Snmp(transport);//创建snmp
snmp.listen();//监听消息
target = new CommunityTarget();
target.setCommunity(new OctetString("public"));
target.setRetries(2);
target.setAddress(GenericAddress.parse("udp:127.0.0.1/161"));
target.setTimeout(8000);
target.setVersion(SnmpConstants.version2c);
TableUtils tableUtils = new TableUtils(snmp, new PDUFactory() {
@Override
public PDU createPDU(Target arg0) {
PDU request = new PDU();
request.setType(PDU.GET);
return request;
}
});
OID[] columns = new OID[oids.length];
for (int i = 0; i < oids.length; i++)
columns[i] = new OID(oids[i]);
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
List<TableEvent> list = tableUtils.getTable(target, columns, null, null);
if(list.size()==1 && list.get(0).getColumns()==null){
System.out.println(" null");
}else{
for(TableEvent event : list){
VariableBinding[] values = event.getColumns();
if(values == null) continue;
int unit = Integer.parseInt(values[2].getVariable().toString());//unit 存储单元大小
int totalSize = Integer.parseInt(values[3].getVariable().toString());//size 总存储单元数
int usedSize = Integer.parseInt(values[4].getVariable().toString());//used 使用存储单元数
String oid = values[0].getVariable().toString();
if (PHYSICAL_MEMORY_OID.equals(oid)){
System.out.println("PHYSICAL_MEMORY----->物理内存大小:"+(long)totalSize * unit/(1024*1024*1024)+"G 内存使用率为:"+(long)usedSize*100/totalSize+"%");
}else if (VIRTUAL_MEMORY_OID.equals(oid)) {
System.out.println("VIRTUAL_MEMORY----->虚拟内存大小:"+(long)totalSize * unit/(1024*1024*1024)+"G 内存使用率为:"+(long)usedSize*100/totalSize+"%");
}
}
}
} catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
try {
if(transport!=null)
transport.close();
if(snmp!=null)
snmp.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
3、获取磁盘信息方法
//获取磁盘相关信息
public static void collectDisk() {
TransportMapping transport = null ;
Snmp snmp = null ;
CommunityTarget target;
String DISK_OID = "1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.1.4";
String[] oids = {"1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.2", //type 存储单元类型
"1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.3", //descr
"1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.4", //unit 存储单元大小
"1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.5", //size 总存储单元数
"1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.6"}; //used 使用存储单元数;
try {
transport = new DefaultUdpTransportMapping();
snmp = new Snmp(transport);//创建snmp
snmp.listen();//监听消息
target = new CommunityTarget();
target.setCommunity(new OctetString("public"));
target.setRetries(2);
target.setAddress(GenericAddress.parse("udp:127.0.0.1/161"));
target.setTimeout(8000);
target.setVersion(SnmpConstants.version2c);
TableUtils tableUtils = new TableUtils(snmp, new PDUFactory() {
@Override
public PDU createPDU(Target arg0) {
PDU request = new PDU();
request.setType(PDU.GET);
return request;
}
});
OID[] columns = new OID[oids.length];
for (int i = 0; i < oids.length; i++)
columns[i] = new OID(oids[i]);
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
List<TableEvent> list = tableUtils.getTable(target, columns, null, null);
if(list.size()==1 && list.get(0).getColumns()==null){
System.out.println(" null");
}else{
for(TableEvent event : list){
VariableBinding[] values = event.getColumns();
if(values == null ||!DISK_OID.equals(values[0].getVariable().toString()))
continue;
int unit = Integer.parseInt(values[2].getVariable().toString());//unit 存储单元大小
int totalSize = Integer.parseInt(values[3].getVariable().toString());//size 总存储单元数
int usedSize = Integer.parseInt(values[4].getVariable().toString());//used 使用存储单元数
System.out.println(getChinese(values[1].getVariable().toString())+" 磁盘大小:"+(long)totalSize*unit/(1024*1024*1024)+"G 磁盘使用率为:"+(long)usedSize*100/totalSize+"%");
}
}
} catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
try {
if(transport!=null)
transport.close();
if(snmp!=null)
snmp.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
4、获取服务器进程信息方法
//服务器进程集合信息
public static void collectProcess() {
TransportMapping transport = null ;
Snmp snmp = null ;
CommunityTarget target;
String[] oids =
{"1.3.6.1.2.1.25.4.2.1.1", //index
"1.3.6.1.2.1.25.4.2.1.2", //name
"1.3.6.1.2.1.25.4.2.1.4", //run path
"1.3.6.1.2.1.25.4.2.1.6", //type
"1.3.6.1.2.1.25.5.1.1.1", //cpu
"1.3.6.1.2.1.25.5.1.1.2"}; //memory
try {
transport = new DefaultUdpTransportMapping();
snmp = new Snmp(transport);
snmp.listen();
target = new CommunityTarget();
target.setCommunity(new OctetString("public"));
target.setRetries(2);
target.setAddress(GenericAddress.parse("udp:127.0.0.1/161"));
target.setTimeout(8000);
target.setVersion(SnmpConstants.version2c);
TableUtils tableUtils = new TableUtils(snmp, new PDUFactory() {
@Override
public PDU createPDU(Target arg0) {
PDU request = new PDU();
request.setType(PDU.GET);
return request;
}
});
OID[] columns = new OID[oids.length];
for (int i = 0; i < oids.length; i++)
columns[i] = new OID(oids[i]);
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
List<TableEvent> list = tableUtils.getTable(target, columns, null, null);
if(list.size()==1 && list.get(0).getColumns()==null){
System.out.println(" null");
}else{
for(TableEvent event : list){
VariableBinding[] values = event.getColumns();
if(values == null) continue;
String name = values[1].getVariable().toString();//name
String cpu = values[4].getVariable().toString();//cpu
String memory = values[5].getVariable().toString();//memory
String path = values[2].getVariable().toString();//path
System.out.println("name--->"+name+" cpu--->"+cpu+" memory--->"+memory+" path--->"+path);
}
}
} catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
try {
if(transport!=null)
transport.close();
if(snmp!=null)
snmp.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
5、获取服务器系统服务方法
//服务器系统服务集合
public static void collectService() {
TransportMapping transport = null ;
Snmp snmp = null ;
CommunityTarget target;
String[] oids =
{"1.3.6.1.4.1.77.1.2.3.1.1"};
try {
transport = new DefaultUdpTransportMapping();
snmp = new Snmp(transport);
snmp.listen();
target = new CommunityTarget();
target.setCommunity(new OctetString("public"));
target.setRetries(2);
target.setAddress(GenericAddress.parse("udp:127.0.0.1/161"));
target.setTimeout(8000);
target.setVersion(SnmpConstants.version2c);
TableUtils tableUtils = new TableUtils(snmp, new PDUFactory() {
@Override
public PDU createPDU(Target arg0) {
PDU request = new PDU();
request.setType(PDU.GET);
return request;
}
});
OID[] columns = new OID[oids.length];
for (int i = 0; i < oids.length; i++)
columns[i] = new OID(oids[i]);
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
List<TableEvent> list = tableUtils.getTable(target, columns, null, null);
if(list.size()==1 && list.get(0).getColumns()==null){
System.out.println(" null");
}else{
for(TableEvent event : list){
VariableBinding[] values = event.getColumns();
if(values == null) continue;
String name = values[0].getVariable().toString();//name
System.out.println("名称--->"+getChinese(name));//中文乱码,需要转为utf-8编码
}
}
} catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
try {
if(transport!=null)
transport.close();
if(snmp!=null)
snmp.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
6、获取接口信息方法
//服务器接口集合
public static void collectInterface() {
TransportMapping transport = null ;
Snmp snmp = null ;
CommunityTarget target;
String[] IF_OIDS =
{"1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.1", //Index
"1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2", //descr
"1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.3", //type
"1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.5", //speed
"1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.6", //mac
"1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.7", //adminStatus
"1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.8", //operStatus
"1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10", //inOctets
"1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.16", //outOctets
"1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.14", //inError
"1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.20", //outError
"1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.13", //inDiscard
"1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.19", //outDiscard
"1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.11", //inUcastPkts
"1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.17", //outUcastPkts
"1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.12", //inNUcastPkts
"1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.18"};//outNUcastPkts
String[] IP_OIDS =
{"1.3.6.1.2.1.4.20.1.1", //ipAdEntAddr
"1.3.6.1.2.1.4.20.1.2", //ipAdEntIfIndex
"1.3.6.1.2.1.4.20.1.3"};//ipAdEntNetMask
try {
transport = new DefaultUdpTransportMapping();
snmp = new Snmp(transport);
snmp.listen();
target = new CommunityTarget();
target.setCommunity(new OctetString("public"));
target.setRetries(2);
target.setAddress(GenericAddress.parse("udp:127.0.0.1/161"));
target.setTimeout(8000);
target.setVersion(SnmpConstants.version2c);
TableUtils tableUtils = new TableUtils(snmp, new PDUFactory() {
@Override
public PDU createPDU(Target arg0) {
PDU request = new PDU();
request.setType(PDU.GET);
return request;
}
});
OID[] columns = new OID[IF_OIDS.length];
for (int i = 0; i < IF_OIDS.length; i++)
columns[i] = new OID(IF_OIDS[i]);
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
List<TableEvent> list = tableUtils.getTable(target, columns, null, null);
if(list.size()==1 && list.get(0).getColumns()==null){
System.out.println(" null");
}else{
for(TableEvent event : list){
VariableBinding[] values = event.getColumns();
if(values == null) continue;
System.out.println("interface ---Index:"+values[0].getVariable().toString()+" descr:"+getChinese(values[1].getVariable().toString())+" type:"+values[2].getVariable().toString()+" speed:"+values[3].getVariable().toString()+" mac:"+getChinese(values[4].getVariable().toString())+" adminStatus:"+values[5].getVariable().toString()+" operStatus:"+values[6].getVariable().toString());
}
}
//获取ip
OID[] ipcolumns = new OID[IP_OIDS.length];
for (int i = 0; i < IP_OIDS.length; i++)
ipcolumns[i] = new OID(IP_OIDS[i]);
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
List<TableEvent> iplist = tableUtils.getTable(target, ipcolumns, null, null);
if(iplist.size()==1 && iplist.get(0).getColumns()==null){
System.out.println(" null");
}else{
for(TableEvent event : iplist){
VariableBinding[] values = event.getColumns();
if(values == null) continue;
System.out.println(" IP--->ipAdEntAddr:"+values[0].getVariable().toString()+" ipAdEntIfIndex:"+values[1].getVariable().toString()+" ipAdEntNetMask:"+values[2].getVariable().toString());
}
}
} catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
try {
if(transport!=null)
transport.close();
if(snmp!=null)
snmp.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
7、获取端口信息方法
//服务器端口集合
public static void collectPort() {
TransportMapping transport = null ;
Snmp snmp = null ;
CommunityTarget target;
String[] TCP_CONN = {"1.3.6.1.2.1.6.13.1.1", //status
"1.3.6.1.2.1.6.13.1.3"}; //port
String[] UDP_CONN = {"1.3.6.1.2.1.7.5.1.2"};
try {
transport = new DefaultUdpTransportMapping();
snmp = new Snmp(transport);
snmp.listen();
target = new CommunityTarget();
target.setCommunity(new OctetString("public"));
target.setRetries(2);
target.setAddress(GenericAddress.parse("udp:127.0.0.1/161"));
target.setTimeout(8000);
target.setVersion(SnmpConstants.version2c);
TableUtils tableUtils = new TableUtils(snmp, new PDUFactory() {
@Override
public PDU createPDU(Target arg0) {
PDU request = new PDU();
request.setType(PDU.GET);
return request;
}
});
//获取TCP 端口
OID[] columns = new OID[TCP_CONN.length];
for (int i = 0; i < TCP_CONN.length; i++)
columns[i] = new OID(TCP_CONN[i]);
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
List<TableEvent> list = tableUtils.getTable(target, columns, null, null);
if(list.size()==1 && list.get(0).getColumns()==null){
System.out.println(" null");
}else{
for(TableEvent event : list){
VariableBinding[] values = event.getColumns();
if(values == null) continue;
int status = Integer.parseInt(values[0].getVariable().toString());
System.out.println("status--->"+status+" TCP_port--->"+values[1].getVariable().toString());
}
}
//获取udp 端口
OID[] udpcolumns = new OID[UDP_CONN.length];
for (int i = 0; i < UDP_CONN.length; i++)
udpcolumns[i] = new OID(UDP_CONN[i]);
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
List<TableEvent> udplist = tableUtils.getTable(target, udpcolumns, null, null);
if(udplist.size()==1 && udplist.get(0).getColumns()==null){
System.out.println(" null");
}else{
for(TableEvent event : udplist){
VariableBinding[] values = event.getColumns();
if(values == null) continue;
String name = values[0].getVariable().toString();//name
System.out.println("UDP_port--->"+name);
}
}
} catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
try {
if(transport!=null)
transport.close();
if(snmp!=null)
snmp.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
8、获取安装的软件信息方法
//服务器安装软件集合
public static void collectSoft() {
TransportMapping transport = null ;
Snmp snmp = null ;
CommunityTarget target;
String[] oids =
{ "1.3.6.1.2.1.25.6.3.1.2", //software
"1.3.6.1.2.1.25.6.3.1.4", //type
"1.3.6.1.2.1.25.6.3.1.5"}; //install date
try {
transport = new DefaultUdpTransportMapping();
snmp = new Snmp(transport);
snmp.listen();
target = new CommunityTarget();
target.setCommunity(new OctetString("public"));
target.setRetries(2);
target.setAddress(GenericAddress.parse("udp:127.0.0.1/161"));
target.setTimeout(8000);
target.setVersion(SnmpConstants.version2c);
TableUtils tableUtils = new TableUtils(snmp, new PDUFactory() {
@Override
public PDU createPDU(Target arg0) {
PDU request = new PDU();
request.setType(PDU.GET);
return request;
}
});
OID[] columns = new OID[oids.length];
for (int i = 0; i < oids.length; i++)
columns[i] = new OID(oids[i]);
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
List<TableEvent> list = tableUtils.getTable(target, columns, null, null);
if(list.size()==1 && list.get(0).getColumns()==null){
System.out.println(" null");
}else{
for(TableEvent event : list){
VariableBinding[] values = event.getColumns();
if(values == null) continue;
String software = values[0].getVariable().toString();//software
String type = values[1].getVariable().toString();//type
String date = values[2].getVariable().toString();//date
System.out.println("软件名称--->"+getChinese(software)+" type--->"+type+" 安装时间--->"+hexToDateTime(date.replace("'", "")));
}
}
} catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
try {
if(transport!=null)
transport.close();
if(snmp!=null)
snmp.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
9、其他方法
/**
* 获取磁盘的中文名字
* 解决snmp4j中文乱码问题
*/
public static String getChinese(String octetString){
if(octetString == null || "".equals(octetString)
|| "null".equalsIgnoreCase(octetString)) return "";
try{
String[] temps = octetString.split(":");
if(temps.length < 2)
return octetString;
byte[] bs = new byte[temps.length];
for(int i=0;i<temps.length;i++)
bs[i] = (byte)Integer.parseInt(temps[i],16);
return new String(bs,"GB2312");
}catch(Exception e){
return null;
}
}
/**
* 将16进制的时间转换成标准的时间格式
*/
private static String hexToDateTime(String hexString) {
if(hexString == null || "".equals(hexString))
return "";
String dateTime = "";
try {
byte[] values = OctetString.fromHexString(hexString).getValue();
int year, month, day, hour, minute;
year = values[0] * 256 + 256 + values[1];
month = values[2];
day = values[3];
hour = values[4];
minute = values[5];
char format_str[] = new char[22];
int index = 3;
int temp = year;
for (; index >= 0; index--) {
format_str[index] = (char) (48 + (temp - temp / 10 * 10));
temp /= 10;
}
format_str[4] = '-';
index = 6;
temp = month;
for (; index >= 5; index--) {
format_str[index] = (char) (48 + (temp - temp / 10 * 10));
temp /= 10;
}
format_str[7] = '-';
index = 9;
temp = day;
for (; index >= 8; index--) {
format_str[index] = (char) (48 + (temp - temp / 10 * 10));
temp /= 10;
}
format_str[10] = ' ';
index = 12;
temp = hour;
for (; index >= 11; index--) {
format_str[index] = (char) (48 + (temp - temp / 10 * 10));
temp /= 10;
}
format_str[13] = ':';
index = 15;
temp = minute;
for (; index >= 14; index--) {
format_str[index] = (char) (48 + (temp - temp / 10 * 10));
temp /= 10;
}
dateTime = new String(format_str,0,format_str.length).substring(0, 16);
} catch (Exception e) {
//LogFactory.getLog(getClass()).error(e);
}
return dateTime;
}
来源:CSDN
作者:顺其自然~
链接:https://blog.csdn.net/fuhanghang/article/details/104308115