视图

痞子三分冷 提交于 2020-02-08 18:35:34

一、基本概念:

虚拟表,和普通表一样使用;
mysql5.1版本出现的新特性,是通过表动态生成的数据;
只保存了sql逻辑,不保存查询结果。

比如:
舞蹈班(视图)和普通班级(普通表)的对比。

创建表和视图的对比:

创建语法的关键字 是否实际占用物理空间 使用
视图 create view 只是保存了sql逻辑 增删改查,只是一般不能增删改
create table 保存了数据 增删改查

应用场景

  • 多个地方用到同样的查询结果;
  • 该查询结果使用的sql语句较复杂;

案例:查询姓张的学生名和专业名

SELECT stuname,majorname
FROM stuinfo s
INNER JOIN major m ON s.`majorid`= m.`id`
WHERE s.`stuname` LIKE '张%';

CREATE VIEW v1
AS
SELECT stuname,majorname
FROM stuinfo s
INNER JOIN major m ON s.`majorid`= m.`id`;

SELECT * FROM v1 WHERE stuname LIKE '张%';

二、创建视图

2.1、语法:

create view 视图名
as
查询语句;

2.2、案例

USE myemployees;

#1.查询姓名中包含a字符的员工名、部门名和工种信息
#①创建
CREATE VIEW myv1
AS
SELECT last_name,department_name,job_title
FROM employees e
JOIN departments d ON e.department_id  = d.department_id
JOIN jobs j ON j.job_id  = e.job_id;

#②使用
SELECT * FROM myv1 WHERE last_name LIKE '%a%';
#2.查询各部门的平均工资级别

#①创建视图查看每个部门的平均工资
CREATE VIEW myv2
AS
SELECT AVG(salary) ag,department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id;

#②使用
SELECT myv2.`ag`,g.grade_level
FROM myv2
JOIN job_grades g
ON myv2.`ag` BETWEEN g.`lowest_sal` AND g.`highest_sal`;
#3.查询平均工资最低的部门信息
SELECT * FROM myv2 ORDER BY ag LIMIT 1;
#4.查询平均工资最低的部门名和工资
CREATE VIEW myv3
AS
SELECT * FROM myv2 ORDER BY ag LIMIT 1;

SELECT d.*,m.ag
FROM myv3 m
JOIN departments d
ON m.`department_id`=d.`department_id`;

三、视图的修改

3.1、语法

#方式一:
create or replace view  视图名
as
查询语句;
#方式二:
alter view 视图名
as 
查询语句; 

四、删除视图

4.1、语法:

drop view 视图名,视图名,...;
#例
DROP VIEW emp_v1,emp_v2,myv3;

五、查看视图

DESC myv3;
SHOW CREATE VIEW myv3;

六、视图的更新

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv1
AS
SELECT last_name,email
FROM employees;

SELECT * FROM myv1;
SELECT * FROM employees;

6.1、插入

INSERT INTO myv1 VALUES('张飞','zf@qq.com');

视图中插入成功;
原始表插入成功;

6.2、修改

UPDATE myv1 SET last_name = '张无忌' WHERE last_name='张飞';

视图中修改成功;
原始表修改成功;

6.3、删除

DELETE FROM myv1 WHERE last_name = '张无忌';

视图中删除成功;
原始表删除成功;

6.4、具备以下特点的视图不允许更新

  • 包含以下关键字的sql语句:分组函数、distinct、group by、having、union或者union all;
  • 常量视图;
  • Select中包含子查询;
  • join;
  • from一个不能更新的视图;
  • where子句的子查询引用了from子句中的表;

注:
一般不要对视图进行更新,视图仅仅能对简单的进行更新;

#①包含以下关键字的sql语句:分组函数、distinct、group  by、having、union或者union all
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv1
AS
SELECT MAX(salary) m,department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id;

SELECT * FROM myv1;

#更新
UPDATE myv1 SET m=9000 WHERE department_id=10;

#②常量视图
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv2
AS
SELECT 'john' NAME;

SELECT * FROM myv2;

#更新
UPDATE myv2 SET NAME='lucy';


#③Select中包含子查询

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv3
AS

SELECT department_id,(SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employees) 最高工资
FROM departments;

#更新
SELECT * FROM myv3;
UPDATE myv3 SET 最高工资=100000;


#④join
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv4
AS

SELECT last_name,department_name
FROM employees e
JOIN departments d
ON e.department_id  = d.department_id;

#更新
SELECT * FROM myv4;
UPDATE myv4 SET last_name  = '张飞' WHERE last_name='Whalen';
INSERT INTO myv4 VALUES('陈真','xxxx');



#⑤from一个不能更新的视图
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv5
AS

SELECT * FROM myv3;

#更新
SELECT * FROM myv5;

UPDATE myv5 SET 最高工资=10000 WHERE department_id=60;


#⑥where子句的子查询引用了from子句中的表
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv6
AS

SELECT last_name,email,salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id IN(
	SELECT  manager_id
	FROM employees
	WHERE manager_id IS NOT NULL
);

#更新
SELECT * FROM myv6;
UPDATE myv6 SET salary=10000 WHERE last_name = 'k_ing';
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