How to undo “git commit --amend” done instead of “git commit”

问题

I accidentally amended my previous commit. The commit should have been separate to keep history of the changes I made to a particular file.

Is there a way to undo that last commit? If I do something like git reset --hard HEAD^, the first commit also is undone.

(I have not yet pushed to any remote directories)

回答1:

What you need to do is to create a new commit with the same details as the current HEAD commit, but with the parent as the previous version of HEAD. git reset --soft will move the branch pointer so that the next commit happens on top of a different commit from where the current branch head is now.

# Move the current head so that it's pointing at the old commit
# Leave the index intact for redoing the commit.
# HEAD@{1} gives you "the commit that HEAD pointed at before 
# it was moved to where it currently points at". Note that this is
# different from HEAD~1, which gives you "the commit that is the
# parent node of the commit that HEAD is currently pointing to."
git reset --soft HEAD@{1}

# commit the current tree using the commit details of the previous
# HEAD commit. (Note that HEAD@{1} is pointing somewhere different from the
# previous command. It's now pointing at the erroneously amended commit.)
git commit -C HEAD@{1}

回答2:

use the ref-log:

git branch fixing-things HEAD@{1}
git reset fixing-things

you should then have all your previously amended changes only in your working copy and can commit again

to see a full list of previous indices type git reflog

回答3:

Find your amended commits by:

git log --reflog

^{Note: You may add --patch to see the body of the commits for clarity. Same as git reflog.}

then reset your HEAD to any previous commit at the point it was fine by:

git reset SHA1 --hard

^{Note: Replace SHA1 with your real commit hash. Also note that this command will lose any uncommitted changes, so you may stash them before. Alternatively, use --soft instead to retain the latest changes and then commit them.}

Then cherry-pick the other commit that you need on top of it:

git cherry-pick SHA1

回答4:

You can always split a commit, From the manual

• Start an interactive rebase with git rebase -i commit^, where commit is the commit you want to split. In fact, any commit range will do, as long as it contains that commit.
• Mark the commit you want to split with the action "edit".
• When it comes to editing that commit, execute git reset HEAD^. The effect is that the HEAD is rewound by one, and the index follows suit. However, the working tree stays the same.
• Now add the changes to the index that you want to have in the first commit. You can use git add (possibly interactively) or git-gui (or both) to do that.
• Commit the now-current index with whatever commit message is appropriate now.
• Repeat the last two steps until your working tree is clean.
• Continue the rebase with git rebase --continue.

回答5:

Possibly worth noting that if you're still in your editor with the commit message, you can delete the commit message and it will abort the git commit --amend command.

回答6:

Maybe can use git reflog to get two commit before amend and after amend.

Then use git diff before_commit_id after_commit_id > d.diff to get diff between before amend and after amend.

Next use git checkout before_commit_id to back to before commit

And last use git apply d.diff to apply the real change you did.

That solves my problem.

回答7:

If you have pushed the commit to remote and then erroneously amended changes to that commit this will fix your problem. Issue a git log to find the SHA before the commit. (this assumes remote is named origin). Now issue these command using that SHA.

git reset --soft <SHA BEFORE THE AMMEND>
#you now see all the changes in the commit and the amend undone

#save ALL the changes to the stash
git stash

git pull origin <your-branch> --ff-only
#if you issue git log you can see that you have the commit you didn't want to amend

git stash pop
#git status reveals only the changes you incorrectly amended

#now you can create your new unamended commit

回答8:

You can do below to undo your git commit —amend

1. git reset --soft HEAD^
2. git checkout files_from_old_commit_on_branch
3. git pull origin your_branch_name

====================================

Now your changes are as per previous. So you are done with the undo for git commit —amend

Now you can do git push origin <your_branch_name>, to push to the branch.

回答9:

Almost 9 years late to this but didn't see this variation mentioned accomplishing the same thing (it's kind of a combination of a few of these, similar to to top answer (https://stackoverflow.com/a/1459264/4642530).

Search all detached heads on branch

git reflog show origin/BRANCH_NAME --date=relative

Then find the SHA1 hash

Reset to old SHA1

git reset --hard SHA1

Then push it back up.

git push origin BRANCH_NAME

Done.

This will revert you back to the old commit entirely.

(Including the date of the prior overwritten detached commit head)

回答10:

1. Checkout to temporary branch with last commit

   git branch temp HEAD@{1}

2. Reset last commit

   git reset temp

3. Now, you'll have all files your commit as well as previous commit. Check status of all the files.

   git status

4. Reset your commit files from git stage.

   git reset myfile1.js (so on)

5. Reattach this commit

   git commit -C HEAD@{1}

6. Add and commit your files to new commit.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1459150/how-to-undo-git-commit-amend-done-instead-of-git-commit