1. SaltStack组件之return
return组件可以理解为SaltStack系统对执行Minion返回后的数据进行存储或者返回给其他程序，它支持多种存储方式，比如用MySQL、MongoDB、Redis、Memcache等，通过return我们可以对SaltStack的每次操作进行记录，对以后日志审计提供了数据来源。目前官方已经支持30种return数据存储与接口，我们可以很方便的配置与使用它。当然也支持自己定义的return，自定义的return需由python来编写。在选择和配置好要使用的return后，只需在salt命令后面指定return即可。
//查看所有return列表
[root@master ~]# salt '*' sys.list_returners
192.168.69.202:
- carbon
- couchdb
- elasticsearch
- etcd
- highstate
- hipchat
- local
- local_cache
- mattermost
- multi_returner
- pushover
- rawfile_json
- slack
- smtp
- splunk
- sqlite3
- syslog
- telegram
1.1 return流程
return是在Master端触发任务，然后Minion接受处理任务后直接与return存储服务器建立连接，然后把数据return存到存储服务器。关于这点一定要注意，因为此过程都是Minion端操作存储服务器，所以要确保Minion端的配置跟依赖包是正确的，这意味着我们将必须在每个Minion上安装指定的return方式依赖包，假如使用Mysql作为return存储方式，那么我们将在每台Minion上安装python-mysql模块。
1.2 使用mysql作为return存储方式
在所有minion上安装Mysql-python模块
[root@master ~]# salt '*' pkg.install MySQL-python
192.168.69.202:
----------
MySQL-python:
----------
new:
1.2.5-1.el7
old:
[root@master ~]# salt '*' cmd.run 'rpm -qa|grep MySQL-python'
192.168.69.202:
MySQL-python-1.2.5-1.el7.x86_64
部署一台mysql服务器用作存储服务器，此处就直接在192.168.69.202这台主机上部署
//部署mysql
[root@minion ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server
[root@minion ~]# systemctl start mariadb
[root@minion ~]# systemctl enable mariadb
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.
[root@minion ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 50 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
//创建数据库和表结构
[root@minion ~]# mysql
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE `salt`
-> DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8
-> DEFAULT COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> USE `salt`;
Database changed
MariaDB [salt]>
MariaDB [salt]> --
MariaDB [salt]> -- Table structure for table `jids`
MariaDB [salt]> --
MariaDB [salt]>
MariaDB [salt]> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `jids`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [salt]> CREATE TABLE `jids` (
-> `jid` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> `load` mediumtext NOT NULL,
-> UNIQUE KEY `jid` (`jid`)
-> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
MariaDB [salt]> CREATE INDEX jid ON jids(jid) USING BTREE;
ERROR 1061 (42000): Duplicate key name 'jid'
MariaDB [salt]>
MariaDB [salt]> drop database salt;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE `salt`
-> DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8
-> DEFAULT COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> USE `salt`;
NOT NULL,
`alter_time` TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
`master_id` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `tag` (`tag`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;Database changed
MariaDB [salt]>
MariaDB [salt]> --
MariaDB [salt]> -- Table structure for table `jids`
MariaDB [salt]> --
MariaDB [salt]>
MariaDB [salt]> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `jids`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [salt]> CREATE TABLE `jids` (
-> `jid` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> `load` mediumtext NOT NULL,
-> UNIQUE KEY `jid` (`jid`)
-> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
MariaDB [salt]> CREATE INDEX jid ON jids(jid) USING BTREE;
ERROR 1061 (42000): Duplicate key name 'jid'
MariaDB [salt]>
MariaDB [salt]> --
MariaDB [salt]> -- Table structure for table `salt_returns`
MariaDB [salt]> --
MariaDB [salt]>
MariaDB [salt]> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `salt_returns`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [salt]> CREATE TABLE `salt_returns` (
-> `fun` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
-> `jid` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> `return` mediumtext NOT NULL,
-> `id` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> `success` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
-> `full_ret` mediumtext NOT NULL,
-> `alter_time` TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
-> KEY `id` (`id`),
-> KEY `jid` (`jid`),
-> KEY `fun` (`fun`)
-> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
MariaDB [salt]>
MariaDB [salt]> --
MariaDB [salt]> -- Table structure for table `salt_events`
MariaDB [salt]> --
MariaDB [salt]>
MariaDB [salt]> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `salt_events`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [salt]> CREATE TABLE `salt_events` (
-> `id` BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
-> `tag` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> `data` mediumtext NOT NULL,
-> `alter_time` TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
-> `master_id` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
-> KEY `tag` (`tag`)
-> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
MariaDB [salt]> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_salt |
+----------------+
| jids |
| salt_events |
| salt_returns |
+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
//授权访问
MariaDB [salt]> grant all on salt.* to salt@'%' identified by 'salt';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [salt]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
配置minion
[root@minion ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion
.....此处省略N行
mysql.host: '192.168.69.202'
mysql.user: 'salt'
mysql.pass: 'salt'
mysql.db: 'salt'
mysql.port: 3306
[root@minion ~]# systemctl restart salt-minion
在Master上测试存储到mysql中
[root@master ~]# salt '*' test.ping --return mysql
192.168.69.202:
True
在数据库中查询
MariaDB [salt]> select * from salt_returns\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
fun: test.ping
jid: 20190307183744856327
return: true
id: 192.168.69.202
success: 1
full_ret: {"fun_args": [], "jid": "20190307183744856327", "return": true, "retcode": 0, "success": true, "cmd": "_return", "_stamp": "2019-03-07T10:37:45.457140", "fun": "test.ping", "id": "192.168.69.202"}
alter_time: 2019-03-07 18:37:45
2. job cache
2.1 job cache流程
return时是由Minion直接与存储服务器进行交互，因此需要在每台Minion上安装指定的存储方式的模块，比如python-mysql，那么我们能否直接在Master上就把返回的结果给存储到存储服务器呢？
答案是肯定的，这种方式被称作 job cache 。意思是当Minion将结果返回给Master后，由Master将结果给缓存在本地，然后将缓存的结果给存储到指定的存储服务器，比如存储到mysql中。
开启master端的master_job_cache
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/salt/master
....此处省略N行
master_job_cache: mysql
mysql.host: '192.168.69.202'
mysql.user: 'salt'
mysql.pass: 'salt'
mysql.db: 'salt'
mysql.port: 3306
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart salt-master
在数据库服务器中清空表内容
[root@minion ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 20
Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> delete from salt.salt_returns;
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.02 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> select * from salt.salt_returns;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
在master上再次测试能否存储至数据库
[root@master ~]# salt '*' cmd.run 'df -h'
192.168.69.202:
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 3.9G 14G 23% /
devtmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 3.9G 16K 3.9G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 3.9G 8.8M 3.9G 1% /run
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 143M 872M 15% /boot
tmpfs 781M 0 781M 0% /run/user/0
在数据库中查询
MariaDB [(none)]> select * from salt.salt_returns\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
fun: cmd.run
jid: 20190307184928082837
return: "Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on\n/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 3.9G 14G 23% /\ndevtmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev\ntmpfs 3.9G 16K 3.9G 1% /dev/shm\ntmpfs 3.9G 8.8M 3.9G 1% /run\ntmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup\n/dev/sda1 1014M 143M 872M 15% /boot\ntmpfs 781M 0 781M 0% /run/user/0"
id: 192.168.69.202
success: 1
full_ret: {"fun_args": ["df -h"], "jid": "20190307184928082837", "return": "Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on\n/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 3.9G 14G 23% /\ndevtmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev\ntmpfs 3.9G 16K 3.9G 1% /dev/shm\ntmpfs 3.9G 8.8M 3.9G 1% /run\ntmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup\n/dev/sda1 1014M 143M 872M 15% /boot\ntmpfs 781M 0 781M 0% /run/user/0", "retcode": 0, "success": true, "cmd": "_return", "_stamp": "2019-03-07T10:49:28.333981", "fun": "cmd.run", "id": "192.168.69.202"}
alter_time: 2019-03-07 18:49:28
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
2.2 job管理
获取任务的jid
[root@master ~]# salt '*' cmd.run 'uptime' -v
Executing job with jid 20190307191019053009 //此处就是此命令的jid
-------------------------------------------
192.168.69.202:
19:10:19 up 40 min, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.03, 0.07
通过jid获取此任务的返回结果
[root@master ~]# salt-run jobs.lookup_jid 20190307191019053009
192.168.69.202:
19:10:19 up 40 min, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.03, 0.07
来源：CSDN
作者：959ggg
链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43141726/article/details/104143828