1,资源的清单格式:
一级字段:apiVersion(group/version), kind, metadata(name,namespace,labels,annotations, ...), spec,status(只读)
查看字段说明:kubectl explain pods
查看二级字段说明(例):kubectl explain pods.metadata
查看三级字段说明(例):kubectl explain pods.spec.containers
•nodeSelector <map[string]string>:节点标签选择器
•nodeName <string>
•annotations:与label不同的地方在于,它不能用于挑选资源对象,仅用于为对象提供“元数据”
◆Pod生命周期中的重要行为:
•初始化容器
•容器探测:
•liveness:存活性探测
•readiness:就绪性探测
•lifecycle:生命周期;定义启动后(poststart)和终止前(prestop)的钩子行为。
•查看帮助:
kubectl explain pods.spec.containers.livenessProbe
kubectl explain pods.spec.containers.livenessProbe.exec
kubectl explain pods.spec.containers.livenessProbe.httpGet
•Pod的生命周期:
状态:Pending, Running, Failed, Succeeded, Unknown
•restartPolicy: Always, OnFailure, Never. Default to Always.
•探针类型有三种:ExecAction、TCPSocketAction、HTTPGetAction
【yaml创建pod示例】
官方文档:https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/inject-data-application/define-command-argument-container/
2,利用yaml文件创建pod
命令:kubectl create -f pod-demo.yaml
删除文件定义的资源:kubectl delete -f pod-demo.yaml
查看pod信息:kubectl describe pods pod-demo
查询出错容器的log:kubectl logs pod-demo busybox #pod-demo中的busybox容器
删除pod:kubectl delete pods pod-demo
进入pod中的某个容器:kubectl exec -it pod-demo -c myapp -- /bin/sh
apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod #自主式pod,删除pod不会重建。 metadata: name: pod-demo namespace: default labels: app: myapp tier: frontend annotations: #添加资源注解 aaabbb.com/created-by: "testuser01" spec: container: - name: myapp image: qiaomu2020/myapp:v1 ports: - name: http containerPort: 80 - name: https containerPort: 443 - name: busybox image: busybox:latest imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent #latest标签的镜像默认策略为always,修改后,节省带宽。 #command: ["/bin/sh","-c","sleep 3600"] #这样的写法也是可以的。 command: - "bin/sh - "-c" - "sleep 1800" nodeSelector: #给pod添加节点选择器。 disktype: hhd
◆镜像和容器中的命令生效规则如下图:
3,标签相关操作
◆标签:
key=value
key: 字母、数字、_、-、.
value:可以为空,只能字母或数字开头及结尾,中间可使用_、-、.
◆标签选择器:
•等值关系:=,==,!=
•集合关系:
KEY in (VALUE1,VALUE2,...)
KEY notin (VALUE1,VALUE2,...)
KEY
!KEY
•过滤出包含app标签的pod: kubectl get pods -l app --showlabels
•过滤出包含app标签和release标签的pod: kubectl get pods -l release,app
•过滤出包含app=myapp和release=stable的pod: kubectl get pods -l release=stable,app=myapp
•查询结果中显示app标签和Run标签这两列:kubelctl get pods -L app,run
•打新标签:kubectl label pods pod-demo release=canary #打新标签 release=canary
•修改标签值:kubectl label pods pod-demo release=stable --overwrite #标签值改为stable。
•过滤出release in (canary,beta,alpha)的pod: kubectl get pods -l “release in (canary,beta,alpha)”
◆许多资源支持内嵌字段定义其使用的标签选择器:
matchLabels:直接给定键值
matchExpressions:基于给定的表达式来定义使用标签选择器,{key:"KEY", operator:"OPERATOR",values:[VAL1,VAL2,...]}
•操作符:
In, NotIn:values字段的值必须为非空列表;
Exists, NotExists:values字段的值必须为空列表;
•节点标签选择器,用于指定pod运行于那一类节点上:nodeSelector <map[string]string>
指定node名,用于指定pod运行于那个节点上:nodeName <string>
annotations:资源注解;与label不同的地方在于,它不能用于挑选资源对象,仅用于为对象提供“元数据”。
例:
显示节点的标签列:kubectl get nodes --show-labels
给节点打标签:kubectl label nodes k8snode01 disktype=hhd
查看annotations:kubectl pods describe pod-demo
4,探针
◆liveness 探针的exec使用例
apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: name: liveness-exec-pod namespace: default spec: containers: - name: liveness-exec-container image: busybox:latest imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent command: ["/bin/sh","-c","touch /tmp/healthy; sleep 30; rm -f /tmp/healthy; sleep 3600"] livenessProbe: exec: command: ["test","-e","/tmp/healthy"] initialDelaySeconds: 1 #延迟几秒,开始探测 periodSeconds: 3 #探测周期
●验证
创建pod:kubectl create -f liveness-exec.yaml
•查看pod:
kubectl get pods -w
kubectl describe pods liveness-exec-pod
◆liveness 探针的httpget使用例
apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod #自主式pod,删除pod不会重建。 metadata: name: liveness-httpget-pod namespace: default spec: containers: - name: liveness-httpget-container image: nginx:latest imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent ports: - name: http_port containerPort: 80 livenessProbe: httpGet: port: http_port path: /index.html initialDelaySeconds: 1 #延迟几秒,开始探测 periodSeconds: 3 #探测周期
●验证
创建pod:kubectl create -f liveness-httpget.yaml
•查看pod:
kubectl get pods -w
kubectl describe pods liveness-httpget-pod
kubectl exec –it liveness-httpget-pod -- /bin/sh
制造问题:接入容器,手动删除index.html.
删除pod: kubectl delete -f liveness-httpget.yaml
◆readiness 探针的httpget使用例
apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod #自主式pod,删除pod不会重建。 metadata: name: readiness-httpget-pod namespace: default spec: containers: - name: readiness-httpget-container image: nginx:latest imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent ports: - name: http_port containerPort: 80 readinessProbe: httpGet: port: http_port path: /index.html initialDelaySeconds: 1 #延迟几秒,开始探测 periodSeconds: 3 #探测周期
◆lifecycle的poststart使用例
apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod #自主式pod,删除pod不会重建。 metadata: name: poststart-pod namespace: default spec: containers: - name: busybox-httpd image: busybox:latest imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent lifecycle: postStart: exec: command: ["/bin/sh","-c","mkdir -p /data/web/html; echo 'Home Page' >> /data/web/html/index.html"] #command: ["/bin/httpd"] #注释掉2行,此处要是强依赖poststart的命令,pod会出错的。 #args: ["-f","-h /data/web/html"]
5,Pod控制器:
kind: Pod:为自主式pod,删除pod后不会重建。
ReplicationController:
ReplicaSet:为新一代的ReplicationController,kubenetes不推荐使用。
Deployment:建立在ReplicaSet之上,比其功能更强大。支持滚动更新,回滚等。管理无状态应用最好的控制器,推荐使用。
DaemonSet:部署系统级应用,以守护进程持续运行在集群的一个节点上,且一个节点仅部署一个。
Job:
Cronjob:周期性任务。
StatefulSet:
5.1,ReplicaSet控制器
•查看帮助:
kubectl explain rs
kubectl explain rs.spec.selector
◆ReplicaSet控制器示例(rsdemo.yaml):
apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: ReplicaSet metadata: name: myapp namespace: default spec: #控制器的规格。 replicas: 2 selector: matchLabels: app: myapp release: canary template: metadata: name: myapp-pod labels: app: myapp #模板中定义的标签务必包含符合pod选择器中的标签,否则定义无意义。 release: canary environment: qa spec: #pod的规格 containers: - name: myapp-container image: ikubernetes/myapp:v1 ports: - name: http containerPort: 80
查询:kubectl get rs
•动态修改ReplicaSet控制器:kubectl edit rs rsdemo #直接修改控制器,若Pod未重建,更改并未生效。
5.2,Deployment控制器
kubectl explain deploy.spec.template
kubectl rollout –help
◆Deployment控制器示例:
apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: myapp-deploy namespace: default spec: replicas: 3 selector: matchLabels: app: myapp release: canary template: metadata: labels: app: myapp release: canary spec: containers: - name: myapp image: qiaomu2020/myapp:v2 ports: - name: http containerPort: 80
●确认
kubectl apply –f deploy-demo.yaml #apply可以执行多次,create只能执行一次。
kubectl get deploy
kubectl get rs -o wide
•查看详细信息:kubectl describe deploy myapp-deploy
•过滤监视app=myapp:kubectl get pods –l app=myapp -w
•更新镜像:kubectl set image deployment myapp-deploy myapp=qiaomu2020/myapp:v3
•查看滚动历史:kubectl rollout history deployment myapp-deploy
•更新deployment的配置:
kubectl patch deployment myapp-deploy –p ‘{“spec”:{“replicas”:5}}’
kubectl patch deployment myapp-deploy –p ‘{“spec”:{“strategy”:{“rollingUpdate”:{masSurge”:1,”maxUnavailable”:0}}}}’
•回滚到某个历史版本:
kubectl rollout undo deployment myapp-deploy –to-revision=1
5.3,DaemonSet控制器
支持滚动更新。
滚动更新策略:kubectl explain ds.spec.upldateStrategy
◆DaemonSet控制器示例:
apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: DaemonSet metadata: name: filetest-ds namespace: default spec: selector: matchLabels: app: filetest release: stable template: metadata: labels: app: filetest release: stable spec: containers: - name: filetest image: qiaomu2020/filetest:2.3-alpine env: - name: REDIS_HOST value: redis.default.svc.cluster.local - name: REDIS_LOG_LEVEL value: info
●确认
kubectl apply –f ds-demo.yaml
kubectl expose deployment redis --port=6379
更新镜像:kubectl set image daemonsets filetest-ds filetest=qiaomu2020/filetest:2.3-alpine
来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/mountain2011/p/12248413.html