What is a SQL statement to select an item that has several attributes in an item/attribute list?

问题

Say I have a table that has items and attributes listed like,

frog    green
cat     furry
frog    nice
cat     4 legs
frog    4 legs

From the items column I want to select unique objects that have both the green and 4 legs attribute. I would expect to get back just the frog object in this case. What is the most efficient query to do this?

回答1:

select  item.name 
from    item 
where   item.attribute in ('4 legs', 'green') 
group by item.name 
having  count(distinct item.attribute) = 2

回答2:

The most efficient way to do this is with a self-join:

SELECT * FROM attributes a1 
JOIN attributes a2 USING (item_name) -- e.g. frog
WHERE a1.value = 'green' AND a2.value = '4 legs';

Another solution that some people use is a trick with GROUP BY:

SELECT item_name FROM attributes
WHERE value IN ('4 legs', 'green')
GROUP BY item_name
HAVING COUNT(*) = 2;

But the GROUP BY solution may not be as efficient as a JOIN, depending on which brand of RDBMS you use. Also one method may scale better as the volume in your table grows.

回答3:

select * from table where thing='frog'

nothing beats knowing exatcly what you want.

回答4:

select
    item, count(*)
from
    @temp
where
    attribute in ('4 legs','green')
group by
    item
having
    count(*) = 2 -- this "2" needs to be replaced with however many attributes you have

回答5:

You could also query each attribute separately, and then intersect them...

/*
-- create sample table...
create table #temp1
    (item varchar(max),
    attrib varchar(max))

-- populate sample table (SQL 08)...
insert #temp1
values ('frog', 'green'), ('cat', 'furry'), ('frog', 'nice'), ('cat', '4 legs'), ('frog', '4 legs')
*/


SELECT  item
FROM    #temp1
WHERE   attrib = 'green'
INTERSECT
SELECT  item
FROM    #temp1
WHERE   attrib = '4 legs'

回答6:

create two tables, one of items and one of attributes.
Items could be name, intAttributeID, where intAttributeID is a foreign key reference to the Attributes table. That way you can do a select statement based off whatever you care about.

回答7:

But maybe this can help you:

SELECT * 
FROM tbl t1
INNER JOIN tbl t2 ON t1.Name = t2.Name
WHERE t1.Attribute = 'green' AND t2.Attribute = '4 legs'

回答8:

~~Hard because it's not a normalised model.~~ It's a weekend.

You are filtering across multiple, unconnected rows, so you'd have to extract each attribute in turn and then match items.

SELECT
   item
FROM
    (SELECT
        item
    FROM
        Mytable
    WHERE
        attribute = '4 legs') k1
    JOIN
    (SELECT
        item
    FROM
        Mytable
    WHERE
        attribute = 'green') k2 ON k1.item = k2.item

回答9:

If possible, I would redesign. This is not something you will ever be able to effectively query 12 values on at the same time on (it will require 12 joins)

Please read this wikipedia article http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entity-Attribute-Value_model#Downsides

Never seen a database yet that used this model that didn't run into serious performance issues eventually. This design looks elegant to non-database people but is actually usually a sign of a badly designed database.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/927724/what-is-a-sql-statement-to-select-an-item-that-has-several-attributes-in-an-item

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