1 #!/usr/bin/python3
2 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3
4 """
5 ZetCode PyQt5 tutorial
6
7 This is a Tetris game clone.
8
9 """
10
11 from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QFrame, QDesktopWidget, QApplication
12 from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt, QBasicTimer, pyqtSignal
13 from PyQt5.QtGui import QPainter, QColor
14 import sys, random
15
16 class Tetris(QMainWindow):
17
18 def __init__(self):
19 super().__init__()
20
21 self.initUI()
22
23
24 def initUI(self):
25 '''initiates application UI'''
26
27 self.tboard = Board(self)
28 self.setCentralWidget(self.tboard)
29
30 self.statusbar = self.statusBar()
31 self.tboard.msg2Statusbar[str].connect(self.statusbar.showMessage)
32
33 self.tboard.start()
34
35 self.resize(180, 380)
36 self.center()
37 self.setWindowTitle('Tetris')
38 self.show()
39
40
41 def center(self):
42 '''centers the window on the screen'''
43
44 screen = QDesktopWidget().screenGeometry()
45 size = self.geometry()
46 self.move((screen.width()-size.width())/2,
47 (screen.height()-size.height())/2)
48
49
50 class Board(QFrame):
51
52 msg2Statusbar = pyqtSignal(str)
53
54 BoardWidth = 10
55 BoardHeight = 22
56 Speed = 300
57
58 def __init__(self, parent):
59 super().__init__(parent)
60
61 self.initBoard()
62
63
64 def initBoard(self):
65 '''initiates board'''
66
67 self.timer = QBasicTimer()
68 self.isWaitingAfterLine = False
69
70 self.curX = 0
71 self.curY = 0
72 self.numLinesRemoved = 0
73 self.board = []
74
75 self.setFocusPolicy(Qt.StrongFocus)
76 self.isStarted = False
77 self.isPaused = False
78 self.clearBoard()
79
80
81 def shapeAt(self, x, y):
82 '''determines shape at the board position'''
83
84 return self.board[(y * Board.BoardWidth) + x]
85
86
87 def setShapeAt(self, x, y, shape):
88 '''sets a shape at the board'''
89
90 self.board[(y * Board.BoardWidth) + x] = shape
91
92
93 def squareWidth(self):
94 '''returns the width of one square'''
95
96 return self.contentsRect().width() // Board.BoardWidth
97
98
99 def squareHeight(self):
100 '''returns the height of one square'''
101
102 return self.contentsRect().height() // Board.BoardHeight
103
104
105 def start(self):
106 '''starts game'''
107
108 if self.isPaused:
109 return
110
111 self.isStarted = True
112 self.isWaitingAfterLine = False
113 self.numLinesRemoved = 0
114 self.clearBoard()
115
116 self.msg2Statusbar.emit(str(self.numLinesRemoved))
117
118 self.newPiece()
119 self.timer.start(Board.Speed, self)
120
121
122 def pause(self):
123 '''pauses game'''
124
125 if not self.isStarted:
126 return
127
128 self.isPaused = not self.isPaused
129
130 if self.isPaused:
131 self.timer.stop()
132 self.msg2Statusbar.emit("paused")
133
134 else:
135 self.timer.start(Board.Speed, self)
136 self.msg2Statusbar.emit(str(self.numLinesRemoved))
137
138 self.update()
139
140
141 def paintEvent(self, event):
142 '''paints all shapes of the game'''
143
144 painter = QPainter(self)
145 rect = self.contentsRect()
146
147 boardTop = rect.bottom() - Board.BoardHeight * self.squareHeight()
148
149 for i in range(Board.BoardHeight):
150 for j in range(Board.BoardWidth):
151 shape = self.shapeAt(j, Board.BoardHeight - i - 1)
152
153 if shape != Tetrominoe.NoShape:
154 self.drawSquare(painter,
155 rect.left() + j * self.squareWidth(),
156 boardTop + i * self.squareHeight(), shape)
157
158 if self.curPiece.shape() != Tetrominoe.NoShape:
159
160 for i in range(4):
161
162 x = self.curX + self.curPiece.x(i)
163 y = self.curY - self.curPiece.y(i)
164 self.drawSquare(painter, rect.left() + x * self.squareWidth(),
165 boardTop + (Board.BoardHeight - y - 1) * self.squareHeight(),
166 self.curPiece.shape())
167
168
169 def keyPressEvent(self, event):
170 '''processes key press events'''
171
172 if not self.isStarted or self.curPiece.shape() == Tetrominoe.NoShape:
173 super(Board, self).keyPressEvent(event)
174 return
175
176 key = event.key()
177
178 if key == Qt.Key_P:
179 self.pause()
180 return
181
182 if self.isPaused:
183 return
184
185 elif key == Qt.Key_Left:
186 self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX - 1, self.curY)
187
188 elif key == Qt.Key_Right:
189 self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX + 1, self.curY)
190
191 elif key == Qt.Key_Down:
192 self.tryMove(self.curPiece.rotateRight(), self.curX, self.curY)
193
194 elif key == Qt.Key_Up:
195 self.tryMove(self.curPiece.rotateLeft(), self.curX, self.curY)
196
197 elif key == Qt.Key_Space:
198 self.dropDown()
199
200 elif key == Qt.Key_D:
201 self.oneLineDown()
202
203 else:
204 super(Board, self).keyPressEvent(event)
205
206
207 def timerEvent(self, event):
208 '''handles timer event'''
209
210 if event.timerId() == self.timer.timerId():
211
212 if self.isWaitingAfterLine:
213 self.isWaitingAfterLine = False
214 self.newPiece()
215 else:
216 self.oneLineDown()
217
218 else:
219 super(Board, self).timerEvent(event)
220
221
222 def clearBoard(self):
223 '''clears shapes from the board'''
224
225 for i in range(Board.BoardHeight * Board.BoardWidth):
226 self.board.append(Tetrominoe.NoShape)
227
228
229 def dropDown(self):
230 '''drops down a shape'''
231
232 newY = self.curY
233
234 while newY > 0:
235
236 if not self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX, newY - 1):
237 break
238
239 newY -= 1
240
241 self.pieceDropped()
242
243
244 def oneLineDown(self):
245 '''goes one line down with a shape'''
246
247 if not self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX, self.curY - 1):
248 self.pieceDropped()
249
250
251 def pieceDropped(self):
252 '''after dropping shape, remove full lines and create new shape'''
253
254 for i in range(4):
255
256 x = self.curX + self.curPiece.x(i)
257 y = self.curY - self.curPiece.y(i)
258 self.setShapeAt(x, y, self.curPiece.shape())
259
260 self.removeFullLines()
261
262 if not self.isWaitingAfterLine:
263 self.newPiece()
264
265
266 def removeFullLines(self):
267 '''removes all full lines from the board'''
268
269 numFullLines = 0
270 rowsToRemove = []
271
272 for i in range(Board.BoardHeight):
273
274 n = 0
275 for j in range(Board.BoardWidth):
276 if not self.shapeAt(j, i) == Tetrominoe.NoShape:
277 n = n + 1
278
279 if n == 10:
280 rowsToRemove.append(i)
281
282 rowsToRemove.reverse()
283
284
285 for m in rowsToRemove:
286
287 for k in range(m, Board.BoardHeight):
288 for l in range(Board.BoardWidth):
289 self.setShapeAt(l, k, self.shapeAt(l, k + 1))
290
291 numFullLines = numFullLines + len(rowsToRemove)
292
293 if numFullLines > 0:
294
295 self.numLinesRemoved = self.numLinesRemoved + numFullLines
296 self.msg2Statusbar.emit(str(self.numLinesRemoved))
297
298 self.isWaitingAfterLine = True
299 self.curPiece.setShape(Tetrominoe.NoShape)
300 self.update()
301
302
303 def newPiece(self):
304 '''creates a new shape'''
305
306 self.curPiece = Shape()
307 self.curPiece.setRandomShape()
308 self.curX = Board.BoardWidth // 2 + 1
309 self.curY = Board.BoardHeight - 1 + self.curPiece.minY()
310
311 if not self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX, self.curY):
312
313 self.curPiece.setShape(Tetrominoe.NoShape)
314 self.timer.stop()
315 self.isStarted = False
316 self.msg2Statusbar.emit("Game over")
317
318
319
320 def tryMove(self, newPiece, newX, newY):
321 '''tries to move a shape'''
322
323 for i in range(4):
324
325 x = newX + newPiece.x(i)
326 y = newY - newPiece.y(i)
327
328 if x < 0 or x >= Board.BoardWidth or y < 0 or y >= Board.BoardHeight:
329 return False
330
331 if self.shapeAt(x, y) != Tetrominoe.NoShape:
332 return False
333
334 self.curPiece = newPiece
335 self.curX = newX
336 self.curY = newY
337 self.update()
338
339 return True
340
341
342 def drawSquare(self, painter, x, y, shape):
343 '''draws a square of a shape'''
344
345 colorTable = [0x000000, 0xCC6666, 0x66CC66, 0x6666CC,
346 0xCCCC66, 0xCC66CC, 0x66CCCC, 0xDAAA00]
347
348 color = QColor(colorTable[shape])
349 painter.fillRect(x + 1, y + 1, self.squareWidth() - 2,
350 self.squareHeight() - 2, color)
351
352 painter.setPen(color.lighter())
353 painter.drawLine(x, y + self.squareHeight() - 1, x, y)
354 painter.drawLine(x, y, x + self.squareWidth() - 1, y)
355
356 painter.setPen(color.darker())
357 painter.drawLine(x + 1, y + self.squareHeight() - 1,
358 x + self.squareWidth() - 1, y + self.squareHeight() - 1)
359 painter.drawLine(x + self.squareWidth() - 1,
360 y + self.squareHeight() - 1, x + self.squareWidth() - 1, y + 1)
361
362
363 class Tetrominoe(object):
364
365 NoShape = 0
366 ZShape = 1
367 SShape = 2
368 LineShape = 3
369 TShape = 4
370 SquareShape = 5
371 LShape = 6
372 MirroredLShape = 7
373
374
375 class Shape(object):
376
377 coordsTable = (
378 ((0, 0), (0, 0), (0, 0), (0, 0)),
379 ((0, -1), (0, 0), (-1, 0), (-1, 1)),
380 ((0, -1), (0, 0), (1, 0), (1, 1)),
381 ((0, -1), (0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 2)),
382 ((-1, 0), (0, 0), (1, 0), (0, 1)),
383 ((0, 0), (1, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1)),
384 ((-1, -1), (0, -1), (0, 0), (0, 1)),
385 ((1, -1), (0, -1), (0, 0), (0, 1))
386 )
387
388 def __init__(self):
389
390 self.coords = [[0,0] for i in range(4)]
391 self.pieceShape = Tetrominoe.NoShape
392
393 self.setShape(Tetrominoe.NoShape)
394
395
396 def shape(self):
397 '''returns shape'''
398
399 return self.pieceShape
400
401
402 def setShape(self, shape):
403 '''sets a shape'''
404
405 table = Shape.coordsTable[shape]
406
407 for i in range(4):
408 for j in range(2):
409 self.coords[i][j] = table[i][j]
410
411 self.pieceShape = shape
412
413
414 def setRandomShape(self):
415 '''chooses a random shape'''
416
417 self.setShape(random.randint(1, 7))
418
419
420 def x(self, index):
421 '''returns x coordinate'''
422
423 return self.coords[index][0]
424
425
426 def y(self, index):
427 '''returns y coordinate'''
428
429 return self.coords[index][1]
430
431
432 def setX(self, index, x):
433 '''sets x coordinate'''
434
435 self.coords[index][0] = x
436
437
438 def setY(self, index, y):
439 '''sets y coordinate'''
440
441 self.coords[index][1] = y
442
443
444 def minX(self):
445 '''returns min x value'''
446
447 m = self.coords[0][0]
448 for i in range(4):
449 m = min(m, self.coords[i][0])
450
451 return m
452
453
454 def maxX(self):
455 '''returns max x value'''
456
457 m = self.coords[0][0]
458 for i in range(4):
459 m = max(m, self.coords[i][0])
460
461 return m
462
463
464 def minY(self):
465 '''returns min y value'''
466
467 m = self.coords[0][1]
468 for i in range(4):
469 m = min(m, self.coords[i][1])
470
471 return m
472
473
474 def maxY(self):
475 '''returns max y value'''
476
477 m = self.coords[0][1]
478 for i in range(4):
479 m = max(m, self.coords[i][1])
480
481 return m
482
483
484 def rotateLeft(self):
485 '''rotates shape to the left'''
486
487 if self.pieceShape == Tetrominoe.SquareShape:
488 return self
489
490 result = Shape()
491 result.pieceShape = self.pieceShape
492
493 for i in range(4):
494
495 result.setX(i, self.y(i))
496 result.setY(i, -self.x(i))
497
498 return result
499
500
501 def rotateRight(self):
502 '''rotates shape to the right'''
503
504 if self.pieceShape == Tetrominoe.SquareShape:
505 return self
506
507 result = Shape()
508 result.pieceShape = self.pieceShape
509
510 for i in range(4):
511
512 result.setX(i, -self.y(i))
513 result.setY(i, self.x(i))
514
515 return result
516
517
518 if __name__ == '__main__':
519
520 app = QApplication([])
521 tetris = Tetris()
522 sys.exit(app.exec_())
游戏很简单，所以也就很好理解。程序加载之后游戏也就直接开始了，可以用P键暂停游戏，空格键让方块直接落到最下面。游戏的速度是固定的，并没有实现加速的功能。分数就是游戏中消除的行数。
self.tboard = Board(self) self.setCentralWidget(self.tboard)
创建了一个Board类的实例，并设置为应用的中心组件。
self.statusbar = self.statusBar() self.tboard.msg2Statusbar[str].connect(self.statusbar.showMessage)
创建一个statusbar来显示三种信息：消除的行数，游戏暂停状态或者游戏结束状态。msg2Statusbar是一个自定义的信号，用在（和）Board类（交互），showMessage()方法是一个内建的，用来在statusbar上显示信息的方法。
self.tboard.start()
初始化游戏：
class Board(QFrame):
msg2Statusbar = pyqtSignal(str)
...
创建了一个自定义信号msg2Statusbar，当我们想往statusbar里显示信息的时候，发出这个信号就行了。
BoardWidth = 10 BoardHeight = 22 Speed = 300
这些是Board类的变量。BoardWidth和BoardHeight分别是board的宽度和高度。Speed是游戏的速度，每300ms出现一个新的方块。
... self.curX = 0 self.curY = 0 self.numLinesRemoved = 0 self.board = [] ...
在initBoard()里初始化了一些重要的变量。self.board定义了方块的形状和位置，取值范围是0-7。
def shapeAt(self, x, y):
return self.board[(y * Board.BoardWidth) + x]
shapeAt()决定了board里方块的的种类。
def squareWidth(self):
return self.contentsRect().width() // Board.BoardWidth
board的大小可以动态的改变。所以方格的大小也应该随之变化。squareWidth()计算并返回每个块应该占用多少像素--也即Board.BoardWidth。
def pause(self):
'''pauses game'''
if not self.isStarted:
return
self.isPaused = not self.isPaused
if self.isPaused:
self.timer.stop()
self.msg2Statusbar.emit("paused")
else:
self.timer.start(Board.Speed, self)
self.msg2Statusbar.emit(str(self.numLinesRemoved))
self.update()
pause()方法用来暂停游戏，停止计时并在statusbar上显示一条信息。
def paintEvent(self, event):
'''paints all shapes of the game'''
painter = QPainter(self)
rect = self.contentsRect()
...
渲染是在paintEvent()方法里发生的QPainter负责PyQt5里所有低级绘画操作。
for i in range(Board.BoardHeight):
for j in range(Board.BoardWidth):
shape = self.shapeAt(j, Board.BoardHeight - i - 1)
if shape != Tetrominoe.NoShape:
self.drawSquare(painter,
rect.left() + j * self.squareWidth(),
boardTop + i * self.squareHeight(), shape)
渲染游戏分为两步。第一步是先画出所有已经落在最下面的的图，这些保存在self.board里。可以使用shapeAt()查看这个这个变量。
if self.curPiece.shape() != Tetrominoe.NoShape:
for i in range(4):
x = self.curX + self.curPiece.x(i)
y = self.curY - self.curPiece.y(i)
self.drawSquare(painter, rect.left() + x * self.squareWidth(),
boardTop + (Board.BoardHeight - y - 1) * self.squareHeight(),
self.curPiece.shape())
第二步是画出更在下落的方块。
elif key == Qt.Key_Right:
self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX + 1, self.curY)
在keyPressEvent()方法获得用户按下的按键。如果按下的是右方向键，就尝试把方块向右移动，说尝试是因为有可能到边界不能移动了。
elif key == Qt.Key_Up:
self.tryMove(self.curPiece.rotateLeft(), self.curX, self.curY)
上方向键是把方块向左旋转一下
elif key == Qt.Key_Space:
self.dropDown()
空格键会直接把方块放到底部
elif key == Qt.Key_D:
self.oneLineDown()
D键是加速一次下落速度。
def tryMove(self, newPiece, newX, newY):
for i in range(4):
x = newX + newPiece.x(i)
y = newY - newPiece.y(i)
if x < 0 or x >= Board.BoardWidth or y < 0 or y >= Board.BoardHeight:
return False
if self.shapeAt(x, y) != Tetrominoe.NoShape:
return False
self.curPiece = newPiece
self.curX = newX
self.curY = newY
self.update()
return True
tryMove()是尝试移动方块的方法。如果方块已经到达board的边缘或者遇到了其他方块，就返回False。否则就把方块下落到想要
def timerEvent(self, event):
if event.timerId() == self.timer.timerId():
if self.isWaitingAfterLine:
self.isWaitingAfterLine = False
self.newPiece()
else:
self.oneLineDown()
else:
super(Board, self).timerEvent(event)
在计时器事件里，要么是等一个方块下落完之后创建一个新的方块，要么是让一个方块直接落到底（move a falling piece one line down）。
def clearBoard(self):
for i in range(Board.BoardHeight * Board.BoardWidth):
self.board.append(Tetrominoe.NoShape)
clearBoard()方法通过Tetrominoe.NoShape清空broad。
def removeFullLines(self):
numFullLines = 0
rowsToRemove = []
for i in range(Board.BoardHeight):
n = 0
for j in range(Board.BoardWidth):
if not self.shapeAt(j, i) == Tetrominoe.NoShape:
n = n + 1
if n == 10:
rowsToRemove.append(i)
rowsToRemove.reverse()
for m in rowsToRemove:
for k in range(m, Board.BoardHeight):
for l in range(Board.BoardWidth):
self.setShapeAt(l, k, self.shapeAt(l, k + 1))
numFullLines = numFullLines + len(rowsToRemove)
...
如果方块碰到了底部，就调用removeFullLines()方法，找到所有能消除的行消除它们。消除的具体动作就是把符合条件的行消除掉之后，再把它上面的行下降一行。注意移除满行的动作是倒着来的，因为我们是按照重力来表现游戏的，如果不这样就有可能出现有些方块浮在空中的现象。
def newPiece(self):
self.curPiece = Shape()
self.curPiece.setRandomShape()
self.curX = Board.BoardWidth // 2 + 1
self.curY = Board.BoardHeight - 1 + self.curPiece.minY()
if not self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX, self.curY):
self.curPiece.setShape(Tetrominoe.NoShape)
self.timer.stop()
self.isStarted = False
self.msg2Statusbar.emit("Game over")
newPiece()方法是用来创建形状随机的方块。如果随机的方块不能正确的出现在预设的位置，游戏结束。
class Tetrominoe(object):
NoShape = 0
ZShape = 1
SShape = 2
LineShape = 3
TShape = 4
SquareShape = 5
LShape = 6
MirroredLShape = 7
Tetrominoe类保存了所有方块的形状。我们还定义了一个NoShape的空形状。
Shape类保存类方块内部的信息。
class Shape(object):
coordsTable = (
((0, 0), (0, 0), (0, 0), (0, 0)),
((0, -1), (0, 0), (-1, 0), (-1, 1)),
...
)
...
coordsTable元组保存了所有的方块形状的组成。是一个构成方块的坐标模版。
self.coords = [[0,0] for i in range(4)]
上面创建了一个新的空坐标数组，这个数组将用来保存方块的坐标。
坐标系示意图：
上面的图片可以帮助我们更好的理解坐标值的意义。比如元组(0, -1), (0, 0), (-1, 0), (-1, -1)代表了一个Z形状的方块。这个图表就描绘了这个形状。
def rotateLeft(self):
if self.pieceShape == Tetrominoe.SquareShape:
return self
result = Shape()
result.pieceShape = self.pieceShape
for i in range(4):
result.setX(i, self.y(i))
result.setY(i, -self.x(i))
return result
rotateLeft()方法向右旋转一个方块。正方形的方块就没必要旋转，就直接返回了。其他的是返回一个新的，能表示这个形状旋转了的坐标。
程序展示：
来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/navysummer/p/9163128.html