Windows下 VS Code搭建C++和opencv开发环境

目前大部分人都是用VS开发opencv，只有少部分人用VS Code开发，我一直觉得VS Code是个神器，所以我就决定将它搭建成一个全能的IDE，能够完成python，java，c++，opencv，html等开发

接下来就开始我们的搭建，搭建借鉴https://blog.csdn.net/zhaiax672/article/details/88971248（里面包括MinGW64，opencv，cmake的下载及配置链接），建议看完这个博客后不要直接安装，请往下接着看，这样让你少踩一些坑

当然安装过程不会是一帆风顺的，我按着上面的博客一步一步的搭建，在输入 minGW32-make 命令后，编译过程失败，大概都会卡在27%，错误信息如下：

3rdparty\protobuf\CMakeFiles\libprotobuf.dir\build.make:412: recipe for target '3rdparty/protobuf/CMakeFiles/libprotobuf.dir/src/google/protobuf/stubs/io_win32.cc.obj' failed
mingw32-make[2]: *** [3rdparty/protobuf/CMakeFiles/libprotobuf.dir/src/google/protobuf/stubs/io_win32.cc.obj] Error 1
CMakeFiles\Makefile2:710: recipe for target '3rdparty/protobuf/CMakeFiles/libprotobuf.dir/all' failed
mingw32-make[1]: *** [3rdparty/protobuf/CMakeFiles/libprotobuf.dir/all] Error 2

后来经过查找资料后，发现是在采用cmake工具时没有勾选 ENABLE_CXX11 这个选项，

参考链接https://blog.csdn.net/asiwxy/article/details/80028825

避免了上面这个错误后应该就安装成功了（千万别忘了执行minGW32-make install），这时会在Where to build the binaries这个选项目录下生成编译后生成的库

如下图：

安装好环境后就是测试程序了，这个环节容易出现的问题就是程序写好了，头文件<opencv2/opencv.hpp>在VS Code中可以通过"转到定义处"查看，但是一编译就会报错提示找不到头文件，这个是由于上文那个配置链接中的测试部分写的有问题，下面我便把我的测试程序，以及3个.json文件的配置文件上传

这个就是我的程序源代码

#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui.hpp>
#include <iostream>
using namespace cv;
int main()
{
    Mat img=imread("C:/Users/Administrator/Pictures/dongma.jpg");
    imshow("image",img);
    waitKey();
    return 0;
}

这个是我的launch.json文件

{
    // 使用 IntelliSense 了解相关属性。 
    // 悬停以查看现有属性的描述。
    // 欲了解更多信息，请访问: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "opencv3.4.5 debuge",
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${workspaceFolder}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
            "args": [],
            "stopAtEntry": true,
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
            "environment": [],
            "externalConsole": true,
            "MIMode": "gdb",
            "miDebuggerPath": "D:\\MinGW64\\mingw64\\bin\\gdb.exe",
            "setupCommands": [
                {
                    "description": "为 gdb 启用整齐打印",
                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
                    "ignoreFailures": false
                }
            ],
            "preLaunchTask": "opencv3.4.5 compile task"
        }
    ]
}

这个是我的c_cpp_properties.json文件

{
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "Win32",
            "includePath": [
                "${workspaceFolder}/**",
                "D:/MinGW64/mingw64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/c++/",
                "D:/opencv3.4.5/opencv/build/x64/buildByMinGW/install/include",
                "D:/opencv3.4.5/opencv/build/x64/buildByMinGW/install/include/opencv",
                "D:/opencv3.4.5/opencv/build/x64/buildByMinGW/install/include/opencv2"
            ],
            "defines": [
                "_DEBUG",
                "UNICODE",
                "_UNICODE"
            ],
            "compilerPath": "D:\\MinGW64\\mingw64\\bin\\gcc.exe",
            "cStandard": "c11",
            "cppStandard": "c++17",
            "intelliSenseMode": "clang-x64"
        }
    ],
    "version": 4
}

这个是我的tasks.json文件

{
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "tasks": [
        {
            "type": "shell",
            "label": "opencv3.4.5 compile task",
            "command": "D:\\MinGW64\\mingw64\\bin\\g++.exe",
            "args": [
                "-g",
                "${file}",
                "-o",
                "${workspaceFolder}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
                "-I",
                "D:/opencv3.4.5/opencv/build/x64/buildByMinGW/install/include",
                "-I",
                "D:/opencv3.4.5/opencv/build/x64/buildByMinGW/install/include/opencv",
                "-I",
                "D:/opencv3.4.5/opencv/build/x64/buildByMinGW/install/include/opencv2",
                "-L",
                "D:/opencv3.4.5/opencv/build/x64/buildByMinGW/install/x64/mingw/bin/lib*"
            ],
            "options": {
                "cwd": "D:\\MinGW64\\mingw64\\bin"
            },
            "problemMatcher": [
                "$gcc"
            ],
            "group": {
                "kind": "build",
                "isDefault": true
            }
        }
    ]
}

最后，编译成功，如下图