How can I get a KeyedCollection to be read-only?

问题

First let me explain why I'm using a KeyedCollection. I'm building a DLL and I have a list of items that I need to add to a collection and have them stay in the order I placed them but I also need to access them by both their index and by key (the key is a property of an object which I already defined). If there is any other simpler collection that does this, then please let me know.

Ok now, I need to be able to add items to this collection internally in the DLL but I need it to be publicly available to the DLL's end-user as read-only because I don't want them removing/altering the items I added.

I've searched all over this site, other sites, google in general and I have not been able to find a way to get some sort of read-only KeyedCollection. The closest I came was this page (http://www.koders.com/csharp/fid27249B31BFB645825BD9E0AFEA6A2CCDDAF5A382.aspx?s=keyedcollection#L28) but I couldn't quite get it to work.

UPDATE:

I took a look at those C5 classes. That, along with your other comments, helped me better understand how to create my own read-only class and it seems to work. However I have a problem when I try to cast the regular one to the read-only one. I get a compile-time cannot convert error. Here's the code I created (the first small class is what I originally had):

public class FieldCollection : KeyedCollection<string, Field>
{
    protected override string GetKeyForItem(Field field)
    {
        return field.Name;
    }
}

public class ReadOnlyFieldCollection : KeyedCollection<string, Field>
{
    protected override string GetKeyForItem(Field field)
    { return field.Name; }

    new public void Add(Field field)
    { throw new ReadOnlyCollectionException("This collection is read-only."); }

    new public void Clear()
    { throw new ReadOnlyCollectionException("This collection is read-only."); }

    new public void Insert(int index, Field field)
    { throw new ReadOnlyCollectionException("This collection is read-only."); }

    new public bool Remove(string key)
    { throw new ReadOnlyCollectionException("This collection is read-only."); }

    new public bool Remove(Field field)
    { throw new ReadOnlyCollectionException("This collection is read-only."); }

    new public bool RemoveAt(int index)
    { throw new ReadOnlyCollectionException("This collection is read-only."); }
}

If I have this variable defined:

private FieldCollection _fields;

then do this:

public ReadOnlyFieldCollection Fields;
Fields = (ReadOnlyFieldCollection)_fields;

it fails to compile. They're both inheriting from the same class, I thought they would be "compatible". How can I cast (or expose) the collection as the read-only type I just created?

回答1:

I don't know of any built-in solution as well. This is an example of the suggestion I gave on the comment:

    public class LockedDictionary : Dictionary<string, string>
    {
        public override void Add(string key, string value)
        {
            //do nothing or log it somewhere
            //or simply change it to private
        }

        //and so on to Add* and Remove*

        public override string this[string i]
        {
            get
            {
                return base[i];
            }
            private set
            {
                //...
            }
        }
    }

You'll be able to iterate through the KeyValuePair list and everything else, but it won't be available for writing operations. Just be sure to type it according to your needs.

---

EDIT In order to have a sorted list, we can change the base class from Dictionary<T,T> to a Hashtable.

It would look like this:

    public class LockedKeyCollection : System.Collections.Hashtable
    {
        public override void Add(object key, object value)
        {
            //do nothing or throw exception?
        }

        //and so on to Add* and Remove*

        public override object this[object i]
        {
            get
            {
                return base[i];
            }
            set
            {
                //do nothing or throw exception?
            }
        }
    }

Usage:

        LockedKeyCollection aLockedList = new LockedKeyCollection();

        foreach (System.Collections.DictionaryEntry entry in aLockedList)
        {
            //entry.Key
            //entry.Value
        }

Unfortunately, we can't change the access modifier of the methods, but we can override them to do nothing.

回答2:

Edited to revise my original answer. Apparently, I've not had enough caffiene this AM.

You should look at the C5 collections library which offers read-only wrappers for collections and dictionaries, along with other stuff that the CLR team forgot:

http://www.itu.dk/research/c5/

You can also get the C5 Collections library via NuGet at http://www.nuget.org/packages/C5

回答3:

There are two additional options available to you, which might better suit similar needs in the future. The first option is the simplest and requires the least amount of code; the second requires more scaffolding, but is optimal for sharing read-only members with an existing KeyedCollection<TKey, TValue> implementation.

Option 1: Derive from ReadOnlyCollection<TValue>

In this approach, you derive from ReadOnlyCollection and then add the this[TKey key] indexer. This is similar to the approach that @AndreCalil took above, except that ReadOnlyCollection already throws a NotSupportedException for each of the writable entry points, so you're covered there.

This is the approach Microsoft used internally with their ReadOnlyKeyedCollection<TKey, TValue> in the System.ServiceModel.Internals assembly (source):

class ReadOnlyKeyedCollection<TKey, TValue> : ReadOnlyCollection<TValue> {

  KeyedCollection<TKey, TValue> innerCollection;

  public ReadOnlyKeyedCollection(KeyedCollection<TKey, TValue> innerCollection) : base(innerCollection) {
    Fx.Assert(innerCollection != null, "innerCollection should not be null");
    this.innerCollection = innerCollection;
  }

  public TValue this[TKey key] {
    get {
      return this.innerCollection[key];
    }
  }

}

Option 2: Decorate an existing KeyedCollection<TKey, TValue>

The only real downside of the ReadOnlyCollection<TValue> approach is that it doesn't inherit any logic from your KeyedCollection<TKey, TValue> implementation. If you have a lot of custom logic, then you might instead choose to use a Decorator Pattern on your existing implementation. This would look something like:

class MyReadOnlyKeyedCollection : MyKeyedCollection, IReadOnlyCollection<TValue> {

  MyKeyedCollection innerCollection;

  public MyReadOnlyKeyedCollection(MyKeyedCollection innerCollection) : base() {
    this.innerCollection = innerCollection;
  }

  protected override InsertItem(Int32 index, TItem item) {
    throw new NotSupportedException("This is a read only collection");
  }
  //Repeat for ClearItems(), RemoveItem(), and SetItem()

  public override void YourWriteMethod() {
    throw new NotSupportedException("This is a read only collection");
  }
  //Repeat for any other custom writable members

  protected override IList<T> Items { 
    get {
      return.innerCollection.ToList();
    }
  }
  //This should cover all other entry points for read operations

  public override Object YourReadMethod() {
    this.innerCollection.YourReadMethod();
  }
  //Repeat for any other custom read-only members

}

That's obviously a lot more code to write, however, and really only makes sense if you have a fair amount of custom code on your existing KeyedCollection<TKey, TItem> interface; otherwise, the first approach makes a lot more sense. Given that, it may instead be preferable to centralize that logic via either extension methods or, in C# 8.0, default interface methods.

回答4:

It's never too late for an answer!

The simplest path:

• IReadOnlyCollection<T>
• the minimal setup to get it to work, i.e. no comparer and internal dictionary

Code:

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using JetBrains.Annotations;

namespace Z
{
    public abstract class ReadOnlyKeyedCollection<TKey, TValue> : IReadOnlyCollection<TValue>
    {
        private readonly IReadOnlyCollection<TValue> _collection;

        protected ReadOnlyKeyedCollection([NotNull] IReadOnlyCollection<TValue> collection)
        {
            _collection = collection ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(collection));
        }

        public TValue this[[NotNull] TKey key]
        {
            get
            {
                if (key == null)
                    throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(key));

                foreach (var item in _collection)
                {
                    var itemKey = GetKeyForItem(item);

                    if (Equals(key, itemKey))
                        return item;
                }

                throw new KeyNotFoundException();
            }
        }

        #region IReadOnlyCollection<TValue> Members

        IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
        {
            return GetEnumerator();
        }

        public IEnumerator<TValue> GetEnumerator()
        {
            return _collection.GetEnumerator();
        }

        public int Count => _collection.Count;

        #endregion

        public bool Contains([NotNull] TKey key)
        {
            if (key == null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(key));

            return _collection.Select(GetKeyForItem).Contains(key);
        }

        protected abstract TKey GetKeyForItem(TValue item);
    }
}

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11908527/how-can-i-get-a-keyedcollection-to-be-read-only