问题
I have a small amount of experience using SVN on my development projects, and I have just as little experience with relational databases. I know the basic concepts like tables, and SQL statements, but I'm far from being an expert.
What I'd like to know is if there are any generic version control type systems like SVN, but that work with a database rather than files. I would like the same kind of features you get with SVN like the ability to create branches, create tags, and merge branches together. Rather than a revision number being associated to a version of a file repository it would be associated with a version of the database.
Are their any generic solutions available that can add this kind of functionality independent of the actual database schema? I'd be interested in solutions that work with MySQL or MS SQL Server.
I should also clarify that I'm trying to version control the data not the schema. I would expect the schema to remain constant. So really it seems like I want a way to create a log of all the INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE requests sent the the database between each version of the data. That way any version could be recreated by resending all the SQL statements that have been saved up to the desired version.
回答1:
You can script all your DDL, stored procedures and such to regular text files.
Then you can simply use SVN for database versioning.
回答2:
I've never found a solution that works as well as Subversion, but here's a few things I've done that have helped:
Make scripts that will create the schema and populate any initial data. Then make an update script for each change after that. It's a fairly manual process, but it works. There's extra things that help like storing the current version number in a table in the db and making sure that the scripts are idempotent.
Store the full development db in Subversion. This doesn't usually work out too well for me if there is a lot of data or it is frequently changed. But in some projects is could work.
回答3:
I keep and maintain create scripts in my version control system.
回答4:
There are two things I can think of:
- http://www.liquibase.org/ - provides a way of generally managing database changes. Creates files that get committed into source control, and it helps manage changes across different development databases, etc.
- http://www.viget.com/extend/backup-your-database-in-git/ - this describes a strategy for backing up a database into source control, but the same strategy can be used just on the schema. In this scheme, the database would be in a separate area from your main code. (This can be used with other source control systems too.)
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2411791/are-there-generic-options-for-version-control-within-a-database