字典用于保存具有映射关系数据的集合
一个key—value对认为是一个条目(entry),字典是存储key—value对的容器
与数组不同,字典靠key存取元素
key不能重复,value必须是对象
键值对在字典中是无序存储的
字典分:不可变字典(NSDictionary)和可变字典(NSMutableDictionary)
不可变字典一旦创建,键值对就不可更改,不可添加,不可删除,仅能读取key或者value
常用方法有:
1、创建字典对象
2、获取所有key值,获取所有value值
3、通过key值查询value
1、常见字典的常用方法
在创建字典对象时需要赋值键值对,但是顺序为:值,键,(值在前键在后的形式)
NSDictionary *dic1 = [[NSDictionary alloc] initWithObjectsAndKeys:@"Duke",@"name",@33,@"age",@"男",@"gender", nil];
NSLog(@"%@",dic1);
NSDictionary *dic2 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"Duke",@"name",@33,@"age",@"男",@"gender", nil];
NSLog(@"%@",dic2);
NSArray *keys = @[@"name",@"age",@"gender"];
NSLog(@"%@",dic1);
NSDictionary *dic2 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"Duke",@"name",@33,@"age",@"男",@"gender", nil];
NSLog(@"%@",dic2);
NSArray *keys = @[@"name",@"age",@"gender"];
NSArray *values = @[@"Duke",@33,@"male"];
字典的语法糖形式
键值对之间以逗号隔开,键和值之间以冒号隔开
NSDictionary *dic5 = @{@"name" : @"Duke",@"age" : @33,@"gender" : @"male"};
NSLog(@"%@",dic5);
创建字典对象时两个数组元素个数必须一致
NSDictionary *dic3 = [[NSDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:values forKeys:keys];
NSLog(@"%@",dic3);
NSDictionary *dic4 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjects:values forKeys:keys];
NSLog(@"%@",dic3);
NSDictionary *dic4 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjects:values forKeys:keys];
NSLog(@"%@",dic4);
通过count方法获取字典中键值对的个数
NSInteger count = [dic4 count];
NSLog(@"%ld",count);
获取字典中所有的键
NSArray *allKeys = [dic4 allKeys];
NSLog(@"%@",allKeys);
获取字典中所有的值组成的值
NSArray *allValues = [dic4 allValues];
NSLog(@"%@",allValues);
通过指定的键获取其在字典中对应的值
id object = [dic4 objectForKey:@"age"];
NSLog(@"%@",object);
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
id key = [allKeys objectAtIndex:i];
NSLog(@"%@",object);
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
id key = [allKeys objectAtIndex:i];
根据当前遍历得到的key去获取对应的value
id value = [dic4 objectForKey:key];
NSString *result = [value isKindOfClass:[NSString class]] ? @"YES" : @"NO";
NSLog(@"%@:%@-->%@",key,value,result);
NSString *result = [value isKindOfClass:[NSString class]] ? @"YES" : @"NO";
NSLog(@"%@:%@-->%@",key,value,result);
}
NSMutableDictionary可变字典
可变NSMutableDictionary是NSDictionary的子类,拥有所有NSDictionary的方法
常用方法有:
1、创建字典对象
2、添加键值对
3、修改key对应的value
4、删除键值对
5、通过fou循环遍历所有键值对
NSMutableDictionary可变字典对象的创建
NSMutableDictionary *dic6 = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dic5];
NSLog(@"%@",dic6);
NSMutableDictionary *dic7 = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:dic5];
NSLog(@"%@",dic7);
NSMutableDictionary *dic8 = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
NSLog(@"%@",dic8);
NSMutableDictionary *dic9 = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
NSLog(@"%@",dic6);
NSMutableDictionary *dic7 = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:dic5];
NSLog(@"%@",dic7);
NSMutableDictionary *dic8 = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
NSLog(@"%@",dic8);
NSMutableDictionary *dic9 = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
NSLog(@"%@",dic9);
增加键值对
[dic9 setObject:@"Duke" forKey:@"name"];
[dic9 setObject:@"male" forKey:@"gender"];
[dic9 setObject:@33 forKey:@"age"];
NSLog(@"%@",dic9);
[dic9 setObject:@"male" forKey:@"gender"];
[dic9 setObject:@33 forKey:@"age"];
NSLog(@"%@",dic9);
修改已有键对应的值
如果键不存在,则为添加键值对,如果键存在,则为修改已有键对应的值
[dic9 setObject:@34 forKey:@"age"];
NSLog(@"%@",dic9);
NSLog(@"%@",dic9);
根据指定键去删除对应的键值对
[dic9 removeObjectForKey:@"age"];
NSLog(@"%@",dic9);
NSLog(@"%@",dic9);
删除所有的键值对
[dic9 removeAllObjects];
NSLog(@"%@",dic9);
NSLog(@"%@",dic9);
OC中的集合(NSSet)与数学中的集合一样,集合中的元素具有唯一性、存储单元的元素是无序的、存储元素必须是对象类型
OC中用Set表示集合,分为NSSet和NSMutableSet
NSSet对象的创建 无序性,互异性
NSSet的常用方法
1、创建集合对象
2、获取元素个数
3、获取集合中的某个元素
4、判断集合中是否包含某个对象
创建集合对象
NSSet *set1 = [[NSSet alloc] initWithObjects:@"1",@"2",@"2",@"3", nil];
NSLog(@"%@",set1);
NSSet *set2 = [NSSet setWithObjects:@"3",@"2",@"1", nil];
NSLog(@"%@",set2);
NSSet *set2 = [NSSet setWithObjects:@"3",@"2",@"1", nil];
NSLog(@"%@",set2);
用数组对象来创建集合对象
可以通过这种方法过滤掉数组中重复的元素对象
NSArray *array = @[@1,@2,@3,@2,@3];
NSSet *set3 = [[NSSet alloc] initWithArray:array];
NSSet *set4 = [NSSet setWithArray:array];
NSLog(@"%@",set3);
NSLog(@"%@",set4);
NSSet *set3 = [[NSSet alloc] initWithArray:array];
NSSet *set4 = [NSSet setWithArray:array];
NSLog(@"%@",set3);
NSLog(@"%@",set4);
获取集合中对象的个数
NSInteger count2 = [set4 count];
NSLog(@"%ld",count2);
NSLog(@"%ld",count2);
获取集合中的对象
id object1 = [set4 anyObject];
NSLog(@"%@",object1);
NSLog(@"%@",object1);
判断一个给定的对象是否包含在指定的集合中
NSString *result1 = [set4 containsObject:@3] ? @"YES" : @"NO";
NSLog(@"%@is contained in set %@",@3,result1);
NSLog(@"%@is contained in set %@",@3,result1);
NSMutableSet的常用方法
1、创建集合对象
2、添加元素
3、删除元素
创建NSMutableset对象
NSMutableSet *mutableSet1 = [[NSMutableSet alloc] init];
NSLog(@"%@",mutableSet1);
NSMutableSet *mutableSet2 = [NSMutableSet set];
NSLog(@"%@",mutableSet2);
NSLog(@"%@",mutableSet1);
NSMutableSet *mutableSet2 = [NSMutableSet set];
NSLog(@"%@",mutableSet2);
通过不可变对象创建
NSMutableSet *mutableSet3 = [[NSMutableSet alloc] initWithSet:set1];
NSLog(@"%@",mutableSet3);
NSMutableSet *mutableSet4 = [NSMutableSet setWithSet:set1];
NSLog(@"%@",mutableSet3);
NSMutableSet *mutableSet4 = [NSMutableSet setWithSet:set1];
NSLog(@"%@",mutableSet4);
添加集合元素
[mutableSet4 addObject:@4];
NSLog(@"%@",mutableSet4);
删除单个集合
[mutableSet4 removeObject:@"3"];
NSLog(@"%@",mutableSet4);
删除所有元素
[mutableSet4 removeAllObjects];
NSLog(@"%@",mutableSet4);
NSCountedSet
NSCountedSet是NSMutableString的子类
能记录元素的重复次数
在set的基础上添加了计数功能
NSCountedSet记录添加进去的集合对象出现的次数
NSCountedSet *countedSet = [NSCountedSet set];
[countedSet addObject:@1];
[countedSet addObject:@2];
[countedSet addObject:@2];
NSLog(@"%@",countedSet);
[countedSet addObject:@1];
[countedSet addObject:@2];
[countedSet addObject:@2];
NSLog(@"%@",countedSet);
单独获取某个对象在集合中出现过多少次
NSInteger countOfObjec = [countedSet countForObject:@1];
NSLog(@"%ld",countOfObjec);
通过快速枚举来遍历数组元素
NSArray *testArray = @[@1,@2,@3,@4,@5];
for (id object in testArray) {
NSLog(@"%@",object);
}
for (NSNumber *object in testArray) {
NSLog(@"%@",object);
}
NSLog(@"%@",object);
}
for (NSNumber *object in testArray) {
NSLog(@"%@",object);
}
快速遍历集合
for (id object in set1) {
NSLog(@"%@",object);
}
NSLog(@"%@",object);
}
快速遍历字典
直接遍历字典直接得到的是字典的每一个键,可以通过遍历得到的键去获取对应的值
for (NSString *key in dic1) {
NSLog(@"dictionary[%@]:%@",key,dic1[key]);
}
// dic1[key]就相当于[dic1 objectForKey:key]
NSLog(@"dictionary[%@]:%@",key,dic1[key]);
}
// dic1[key]就相当于[dic1 objectForKey:key]
来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/496668219long/p/4419476.html