问题
CONTEXT:
I wanted to have a shell script that would block all Inbound/Outbound traffic to my computer, UNLESS I decide I want to use the browser or some other application, in which case I would summon it and only those applications would run.
I have researched previous scripts made by smart individuals (links to sources at the end), as well as invested the time to learn to use iptables myself (still working on this front).
Here is the result of the work done:
RESULTS:
before the shell script is run, a group called internet is created:
sudo groupadd internet
Shell Script:
#!/bin/sh
#only allow apps run from "internet" group to run
# clear previous rules
sudo iptables -F
# accept packets for internet group
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m owner --gid-owner internet -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp -m owner --gid-owner internet -j ACCEPT
# also allow local connections
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -d 127.0.0.1 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -d 192.168.0.1/24 -j ACCEPT
# reject packets for other users
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -j REJECT
# same process for IPv6:
sudo ip6tables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m owner --gid-owner internet -j ACCEPT
sudo ip6tables -A OUTPUT -p udp -m owner --gid-owner internet -j ACCEPT
sudo ip6tables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -d 127.0.0.1 -j ACCEPT
sudo ip6tables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -d 192.168.0.1/24 -j ACCEPT
sudo ip6tables -A OUTPUT -j REJECT
this is the other part of the shell that I'm currently working on and not 100% confident with:
#DROPS ALL INPUT and FORWARD
sudo iptables -A INPUT -j DROP
sudo iptables -A FORWARD -j DROP
#ONLY ACCEPTS INPUT THAT WAS INITIATED BY SOME OUTPUT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
#SAME REPEATED FOR IPv6
sudo ip6tables -A INPUT -j DROP
sudo ip6tables -A FORWARD -j DROP
sudo ip6tables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
after the whole script above is executed, the following command would open a terminal that would be part of the internet group, and hence any application (like firefox for instance) that were open by that terminal would have internet access, while all other INPUT/OUTPUT would be stopped
sudo -g internet -s
QUESTION:
Is the previous logic in order? Currently I am working on testing out all the features, by installing network monitoring software (nethogs), testing each line of code and seeing if the result is as expected, BUT at the same time, I only started learning about iptables 2 days ago, so even though the sources of the original code is done by experienced coders, I am not 100% confident in my ability to put it all together to produced the desired result. Thanks to anyone who took the time to read all this and participate in the discussion !!!
sources:
https://plus.google.com/+TobyKurien/posts/YZhZJCZmGgm https://serverfault.com/questions/429400/iptables-rule-to-allow-all-outbound-locally-originating-traffic
P.S.: Thanks to @dirkt for previously helping me understand a lot of the fundamental concepts of iptables as well as answering some of my questions regarding the source code.
UPDATE:
So after having run the code, there seems to be something wrong. What happens is as follows. I run the shell script:
bash myscript
I get 2 errors as follows:
ip6tables v1.6.0: host/network
127.0.0.1not found Try `ip6tables -h' or 'ip6tables --help' for more information.ip6tables v1.6.0: host/network
198.168.0.1not found Try `ip6tables -h' or 'ip6tables --help' for more information.
but everything else ran well, and when doing sudo iptables -L I did confirm all the other rules are in place. AFTER that, I tried the following:
- Run firefox by manually double-clicking the icon. The result was as expected, right away I got a Server not found error, which was a good sign
- After that I ran the command
sudo -g internet -sin the terminal, and thenfirefox. NOW... when I tried loading a website, it didn't show me Server not found, but it keep loading for a long period of time, very long. This leads me to believe that maybe the output response was sent, BUT the input was being blocked.
If anyone knows why this might be happening, I would love to know your feedback!
回答1:
I only started learning about iptables 2 days ago, so even though the sources of the original code is done by experienced coders, I am not 100% confident in my ability to put it all together to produced the desired result.
Coincidentally, I'm looking for the same solution around the same time and saw your post. Just sign-up SO, hope this could help you and others. I'm still learning and open to suggestion and advice :)
A few change to the code. I need to open all port to local connections to make it work. Also changed 192.168.0.1/24 to 192.168.0.0/16. This range allowed wifi/usb tether to be included.
# also allow local connections
#TODO. Use log to see which port are actually needed.
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -d 127.0.0.1 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -d 192.168.0.0/16 -j ACCEPT
Is the previous logic in order?
Change the order for/to this code.
#ONLY ACCEPTS INPUT THAT WAS INITIATED BY SOME OUTPUT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
#DROPS ALL INPUT and FORWARD
sudo iptables -A INPUT -j DROP
sudo iptables -A FORWARD -j DROP
Also add this code on top of previous code. These are taken from default firewall. Originally it contained specific interface.
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 67 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 67 -j ACCEPT
I get 2 errors as follows:
ip6tables v1.6.0: host/network 127.0.0.1 not found Try `ip6tables -h' or 'ip6tables --help' for more information.
ip6tables v1.6.0: host/network 198.168.0.1 not found Try `ip6tables -h' or 'ip6tables --help' for more information.
Probably because you are using IP4 address. Change 127.0.0.1 to ::1/128 and 198.168.0.1 to fe80::/10. Can't help much about IPv6. I have no idea how it work and I don't think mine using IPv6 at all.
Complete Script:
#!/bin/sh
#only allow apps run from "internet" group to run
# clear previous rules
sudo iptables -F
# accept packets for internet group
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m owner --gid-owner internet -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp -m owner --gid-owner internet -j ACCEPT
#Some application need more port. Such as ping.
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -p icmp -m owner --gid-owner internet -j ACCEPT
#Less secure. Open all port.
#sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -m owner --gid-owner internet -j ACCEPT
# also allow local connections
#TODO. Use log to see which port are actually needed.
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -d 127.0.0.1 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -d 192.168.0.0/16 -j ACCEPT
# reject packets for other users
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -j REJECT
#Taken from default rules.
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 67 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 67 -j ACCEPT
#ONLY ACCEPTS INPUT THAT WAS INITIATED BY SOME OUTPUT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
#DROPS ALL INPUT and FORWARD
sudo iptables -A INPUT -j DROP
sudo iptables -A FORWARD -j DROP
#IPv6 Section
# Flush ip6tables too
sudo ip6tables -F
# same process for IPv6:
sudo ip6tables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m owner --gid-owner internet -j ACCEPT
sudo ip6tables -A OUTPUT -p udp -m owner --gid-owner internet -j ACCEPT
sudo ip6tables -A OUTPUT -d ::1/128 -j ACCEPT
sudo ip6tables -A OUTPUT -d fe80::/10 -j ACCEPT
sudo ip6tables -A OUTPUT -j REJECT
sudo ip6tables -A INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
sudo ip6tables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
sudo ip6tables -A INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 67 -j ACCEPT
sudo ip6tables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 67 -j ACCEPT
sudo ip6tables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
sudo ip6tables -A INPUT -j DROP
sudo ip6tables -A FORWARD -j DROP
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43508741/iptables-script-to-block-all-internet-access-except-for-desired-applications