Non-repeating arc4random_uniform

问题

I've been trying to get non-repeating arc4random_uniform to work for ages now for my iPhone app. Been over all the questions and answers relating to this on stackoverflow with no luck and now I'm hoping someone can help me. What I want to do is is choose 13 different random numbers between 1 and 104. I have gotten it to work to the point of it choosing 13 different numbers, but sometimes two of them are the same.

int rand = arc4random_uniform(104);

This is what I'm doing, and then I'm using the rand to choose from an array. If it's easier to shuffle the array and then pick 13 from the top, then I'll try that, but I would need help on how to, since that seems harder.

Thankful for any advice.

回答1:

There's no guarantee whatsoever that ar4random_uniform() won't repeat. Think about it for a second -- you're asking it to produce a number between 0 and 103. If you do that one hundred and five times, it has no choice but to repeat one of its earlier selections. How could the function know how many times you're going to request a number?

You will either have to check the list of numbers that you've already gotten and request a new one if it's a repeat, or shuffle the array. There should be any number of questions on SO for that. Here's one of the oldest: What's the Best Way to Shuffle an NSMutableArray?.

There's also quite a few questions about non-repeating random numbers: https://stackoverflow.com/search?q=%5Bobjc%5D+non-repeating+random+numbers

回答2:

You can create an NSMutableSet and implement it like this:

NSMutableArray* numbers = [[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithCapacity: 13];
NSMutableSet* usedValues = [[NSMutableSet alloc] initWithCapacity: 13];

for (int i = 0; i < 13; i++) {
  int randomNum = arc4random_uniform(104);
  while ([usedValues containsObject: [NSNumber numberWithInt: randomNum]) {     
    randomNum = arc4random_uniform(104)
  }
  [[usedValues addObject: [NSNumber numberWithInt: randomNum];
  [numbers addObject: [[NSNumber numberWithInt: randomNum];
}

回答3:

Alternatively you can also create a mutable array of 105 integers each a unique one, and arc4random_uniform([arrayname count]) and then delete that same one from the array, then you'll get a random int each time without repeating (though the smaller the array gets the easier it is to predict what the next number will be, just simple probability)

回答4:

The best algorithm that I have found for this exact question is described here:

Algorithm to select a single, random combination of values?

Instead of shuffling an array of 104 elements, you just need to loop through 13 times. Here is my implementation of the algorithm in Objective C:

// Implementation of the Floyd algorithm from Programming Pearls.
// Returns a NSSet of num_values from 0 to max_value - 1.
static NSSet* getUniqueRandomNumbers(int num_values, int max_value) {
    assert(max_value >= num_values);
    NSMutableSet* set = [NSMutableSet setWithCapacity:num_values];
    for (int i = max_value - num_values; i < max_value; ++i) {
        NSNumber* rand = [NSNumber numberWithInt:arc4random_uniform(i)];
        if ([set containsObject:rand]) {
            [set addObject:[NSNumber numberWithInt:i]];
        } else {
            [set addObject:rand];
        }
    }
    return set;
}

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10233517/non-repeating-arc4random-uniform

标签

objective-c

xcode

arc4random