C++ string parsing (python style)

问题

I love how in python I can do something like:

points = []
for line in open("data.txt"):
    a,b,c = map(float, line.split(','))
    points += [(a,b,c)]

Basically it's reading a list of lines where each one represents a point in 3D space, the point is represented as three numbers separated by commas

How can this be done in C++ without too much headache?

Performance is not very important, this parsing only happens one time, so simplicity is more important.

P.S. I know it sounds like a newbie question, but believe me I've written a lexer in D (pretty much like C++) which involves reading some text char by char and recognizing tokens,
it's just that, coming back to C++ after a long period of python, just makes me not wanna waste my time on such things.

回答1:

I`d do something like this:

ifstream f("data.txt");
string str;
while (getline(f, str)) {
    Point p;
    sscanf(str.c_str(), "%f, %f, %f\n", &p.x, &p.y, &p.z); 
    points.push_back(p);
}

x,y,z must be floats.

And include:

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>

回答2:

The C++ String Toolkit Library (StrTk) has the following solution to your problem:

#include <string>
#include <deque>
#include "strtk.hpp"

struct point { double x,y,z; }

int main()
{
   std::deque<point> points;
   point p;
   strtk::for_each_line("data.txt",
                        [&points,&p](const std::string& str)
                        {
                           strtk::parse(str,",",p.x,p.y,p.z);
                           points.push_back(p);
                        });
   return 0;
}

More examples can be found Here

回答3:

All these good examples aside, in C++ you would normally override the operator >> for your point type to achieve something like this:

point p;
while (file >> p)
    points.push_back(p);

or even:

copy(
    istream_iterator<point>(file),
    istream_iterator<point>(),
    back_inserter(points)
);

The relevant implementation of the operator could look very much like the code by j_random_hacker.

回答4:

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>     // For replace()

using namespace std;

struct Point {
    double a, b, c;
};

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
    vector<Point> points;

    ifstream f("data.txt");

    string str;
    while (getline(f, str)) {
        replace(str.begin(), str.end(), ',', ' ');
        istringstream iss(str);
        Point p;
        iss >> p.a >> p.b >> p.c;
        points.push_back(p);
    }

    // Do something with points...

    return 0;
}

回答5:

This answer is based on the previous answer by j_random_hacker and makes use of Boost Spirit.

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <boost/spirit.hpp>

using namespace std;
using namespace boost;
using namespace boost::spirit;

struct Point {
    double a, b, c;
};

int main(int argc, char **argv) 
{
    vector<Point> points;

    ifstream f("data.txt");

    string str;
    Point p;
    rule<> point_p = 
           double_p[assign_a(p.a)] >> ',' 
        >> double_p[assign_a(p.b)] >> ',' 
        >> double_p[assign_a(p.c)] ; 

    while (getline(f, str)) 
    {
        parse( str, point_p, space_p );
        points.push_back(p);
    }

    // Do something with points...

    return 0;
}

回答6:

Fun with Boost.Tuples:

#include <boost/tuple/tuple_io.hpp>
#include <vector>
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>

int main() {
    using namespace boost::tuples;
    typedef boost::tuple<float,float,float> PointT;

    std::ifstream f("input.txt");
    f >> set_open(' ') >> set_close(' ') >> set_delimiter(',');

    std::vector<PointT> v;

    std::copy(std::istream_iterator<PointT>(f), std::istream_iterator<PointT>(),
             std::back_inserter(v)
    );

    std::copy(v.begin(), v.end(), 
              std::ostream_iterator<PointT>(std::cout)
    );
    return 0;
}

Note that this is not strictly equivalent to the Python code in your question because the tuples don't have to be on separate lines. For example, this:

1,2,3 4,5,6

will give the same output than:

1,2,3
4,5,6

It's up to you to decide if that's a bug or a feature :)

回答7:

You could read the file from a std::iostream line by line, put each line into a std::string and then use boost::tokenizer to split it. It won't be quite as elegant/short as the python one but a lot easier than reading things in a character at a time...

回答8:

Its nowhere near as terse, and of course I didn't compile this.

float atof_s( std::string & s ) { return atoi( s.c_str() ); }
{ 
ifstream f("data.txt")
string str;
vector<vector<float>> data;
while( getline( f, str ) ) {
  vector<float> v;
  boost::algorithm::split_iterator<string::iterator> e;
  std::transform( 
     boost::algorithm::make_split_iterator( str, token_finder( is_any_of( "," ) ) ),
     e, v.begin(), atof_s );
  v.resize(3); // only grab the first 3
  data.push_back(v);
}

回答9:

One of Sony Picture Imagework's open-source projects is Pystring, which should make for a mostly direct translation of the string-splitting parts:

Pystring is a collection of C++ functions which match the interface and behavior of python’s string class methods using std::string. Implemented in C++, it does not require or make use of a python interpreter. It provides convenience and familiarity for common string operations not included in the standard C++ library

There are a few examples, and some documentation