how to enable vertical sync in opengl?

Question

How do you enable vertical sync?

Is it something simple like glEnable(GL_VSYNC)? (though there's no such thing as GL_VSYNC or anything like it in the options that glEnable accepts).

or is there no standard way to do this in opengl?

Answer 1

On Windows there is OpenGL extension method wglSwapIntervalEXT. From the post by b2b3 http://www.gamedev.net/community/forums/topic.asp?topic_id=360862:

If you are working on Windows you have to use extensions to use wglSwapIntervalExt function. It is defined in wglext.h. You will also want to download glext.h file. In wglext file all entry points for Windows specific extensions are declared. All such functions start with prefix wgl. To get more info about all published extensions you can look into OpenGL Extension Registry.

wglSwapIntervalEXT is from WGL_EXT_swap_control extension. It lets you specify minimum number of frames before each buffer swap. Usually it is used for vertical synchronization (if you set swap interval to 1). More info about whole extension can be found here. Before using this function you need query whether you card has support for WGL_EXT_swap_control and then obtain pointer to the function using wglGetProcAddress function.

To test for support of given extension you can use function like this:

#include <windows.h>
#include "wglext.h"

bool WGLExtensionSupported(const char *extension_name)
{
    // this is pointer to function which returns pointer to string with list of all wgl extensions
    PFNWGLGETEXTENSIONSSTRINGEXTPROC _wglGetExtensionsStringEXT = NULL;

    // determine pointer to wglGetExtensionsStringEXT function
    _wglGetExtensionsStringEXT = (PFNWGLGETEXTENSIONSSTRINGEXTPROC) wglGetProcAddress("wglGetExtensionsStringEXT");

    if (strstr(_wglGetExtensionsStringEXT(), extension_name) == NULL)
    {
        // string was not found
        return false;
    }

    // extension is supported
    return true;
}

To initialize your function pointers you need to:

PFNWGLSWAPINTERVALEXTPROC       wglSwapIntervalEXT = NULL;
PFNWGLGETSWAPINTERVALEXTPROC    wglGetSwapIntervalEXT = NULL;

if (WGLExtensionSupported("WGL_EXT_swap_control"))
{
    // Extension is supported, init pointers.
    wglSwapIntervalEXT = (PFNWGLSWAPINTERVALEXTPROC) wglGetProcAddress("wglSwapIntervalEXT");

    // this is another function from WGL_EXT_swap_control extension
    wglGetSwapIntervalEXT = (PFNWGLGETSWAPINTERVALEXTPROC) wglGetProcAddress("wglGetSwapIntervalEXT");
}

Then you can use these pointers as any other pointer to function. To enable vync you can call wglSwapIntervalEXT(1), to disable it you call wglSwapIntervalEXT(0).

To get current swap interval you need to call wglGetSwapIntervalEXT().

Answer 2

WGL case is described in the answer by eugensk00.

For CGL (MacOSX) see this answer to another SO question.

For EGL there's eglSwapInterval() function, but apparently (see this and this) it doesn't guarantee tearing-free result — only waits given period (maybe it's just due to broken drivers).

For GLX (Linux with X11 etc.) there are at least 3 similar extensions for this, with varying degree of functionality. OpenGL wiki currently lists only one, which is unsupported by Mesa <= 10.5.9 (and maybe higher). Here's a list from most feature-complete extension (listed in OpenGL wiki) to the least:

1. GLX_EXT_swap_control

   • Set swap interval per-drawable per-display: glXSwapIntervalEXT(dpy, drawable, interval)

   • Get current swap interval: glXQueryDrawable(dpy, drawable, GLX_SWAP_INTERVAL_EXT, &interval)

   • Get maximum swap interval: glXQueryDrawable(dpy, drawable, GLX_MAX_SWAP_INTERVAL_EXT, &maxInterval)

   • Disable Vsync: set interval to 0

2. GLX_MESA_swap_control

   • Set swap interval per-context: glXSwapIntervalMESA(interval)

   • Get current swap interval: glXGetSwapIntervalMESA()

   • Get maximum swap interval: unsupported

   • Disable Vsync: set interval to 0

3. GLX_SGI_swap_control

   • Set swap interval: glXSwapIntervalSGI(interval).

   • Get current swap interval: unsupported

   • Get maximum swap interval: unsupported

   • Disable Vsync: unsupported (interval==0 is an error)

For adaptive Vsync see OpenGL wiki.

Answer 3

((BOOL(WINAPI*)(int))wglGetProcAddress("wglSwapIntervalEXT"))(1);

google: wglSwapIntervalEXT
https://www.khronos.org/opengl/wiki/Swap_Interval

"wglSwapIntervalEXT(1) is used to enable vsync; wglSwapIntervalEXT(0) to disable vsync."

"A swap interval of 1 tells the GPU to wait for one v-blank before swapping the front and back buffers. A swap interval of 0 specifies that the GPU should never wait for v-blanks"