C++ dynamically allocated array of statically dimensioned arrays

问题

I need to create a structure that holds a variable number of 'char[2]'s, i.e. static arrays of 2 chars.

My question is, how do I allocate memory for x number of char[2].

I tried this (assuming int x is defined):

char** m = NULL;
m = new char[x][2];
...
delete [] m;

(it didn't work)

I realise I could use std::vector<char[2]> as a container, but I'm curious as to how it would be done with raw pointers.

I am very new to C++ and trying to learn.

回答1:

In your code, the type of 'm' doesn't match your 'new' call. What you want is:

char (*m)[2] = NULL;
m = new char[x][2];
...
delete [] m;

m is a pointer to arrays of 2 chars, and you call new to get an array of x arrays of 2 chars and point m at the first one.

回答2:

I believe that the following code is more readable than char[n][2]:

typedef char wchar[2];   // array of two chars
const size_t n = 100;    // some const
wchar* x = new wchar[n]; // array of wchars, where wchar is array of two chars

// here is still a problem that you could write the following
x[5][5] = 0;             // not what you expected?

delete[] x;              // clean up

If we aware of the internal structure of wchar, the code will be more readable if we declare it as follows:

// using struct is just gives names to chars in wchar, without performance drop
struct wchar {
  char h;
  char l;
};

...

const size_t n = 100;    // some const
wchar* x = new wchar[n]; // array of wchars

x[0].h = 0;
x[0].l = 0;

delete[] x;              // clean up

And finally, because we use C++, no need to use C arrays:

const size_t n = 100;    // some const   
typedef std::tr1::array<wchar, n> my_arr;
my_arr* x = new my_arr;

(*x)[0].h = 0;
(*x)[0].l = 0;

delete x;

One more pretty safe option with compile time range checking:

template<int n_max>
struct array_n {
    char v[2*n_max];

    template<size_t n, size_t s> 
    char& get() {
        BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT( s < 2 );
        BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT( n < n_max );
        return v[n*2+s];
    };  
};

int main( int argc, char**argv)
{
    const size_t n = 100;    // some const   
    typedef array_n<100> my_arr;
    my_arr* x = new my_arr;

    x->get<10, 1>() = 0;   // ok
    x->get<50, 0>() = 0;   // ok
    x->get<10, 2>() = 0;   // compile time error
    x->get<500, 0>() = 0;  // compile time error

    delete x;
}

回答3:

You would end up determining the size of the array, and then use new, and treat it as a two-dimensional array.

But, for a good discussion on this you may want to look at: http://www.velocityreviews.com/forums/t283481-dynamic-multidimensional-arrays.html

回答4:

unsigned x=10;
typedef char A2[2];
A2 *m=new A2[x];
m[0][1]='a';
m[9][0]='b';
delete[] m;

C multi-dimensional arrays (where all but the first dimensions are constant) are laid out contiguously.

If you want a (potentially jagged) multi-dimensional array which is a 1d array of 1d arrays, then you have to loop:

  char **m=new char *[x];
  for (unsigned i=0;i<x;++i) m[i]=new char[2];
  ...
  for (unsigned i=0;i<x;++i) delete[] m[i];
  delete[] m;

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1408866/c-dynamically-allocated-array-of-statically-dimensioned-arrays

标签

c++

memory-management

dynamic-memory-allocation

dynamic-arrays