Matplotlib: add twin y axis without using its values in the plots

问题

This is to clarify the question title. Say you have four lists of integers, with which you want to produce a scatter plot:

a=[3,7,2,8,12,17]
b=[9,4,11,7,6,3]
c=[9,3,17,13,10,5]
d=[5,1,1,14,5,8]

You also have a function, for simplicity f(x)=1/x, that applies to all lists, so that:

from __future__ import division
a1=[1/i for i in a]
b1=[1/i for i in b]
c1=[1/i for i in c]
d1=[1/i for i in d]

My question: how to add a second y axis, knowing that the values returned by the function range from 0.06 to 1.0, without using any of the a1, b1, c1, d1 lists in the scatter plots?

What I am saying is: if you produce the following scatter plots in the traditional way, how can you then add the second y axis based on the values of a1, b1, c1, d1, without having any series using them in the plot itself?

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.scatter(a,b,c='red',label='reds')
plt.scatter(c,d,c='blue',label='blues')
plt.legend(loc='best')

This is the scatter without the second y axis:

And this is a made up version of the same one, including the second y axis discussed so far:

NB: This question is different from this, in that I am not trying to plot with different scales. I only want to add a second axis with the relevant values.

回答1:

To make sure the numbers on the new axis are in the corresponding position to their inverses:

import matplotlib.pylab as plt

a=[3,7,2,8,12,17]
b=[9,4,11,7,6,3]
c=[9,3,17,13,10,5]
d=[5,1,1,14,5,8]

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)

ax.scatter(a,b,c='red',label='reds')
ax.scatter(c,d,c='blue',label='blues')
ax.legend(loc='best')
ax.set_ylabel('Y')
# make shared y axis
axi = ax.twinx()
# set limits for shared axis
axi.set_ylim(ax.get_ylim())
# set ticks for shared axis
inverse_ticks = []
label_format = '%.3f'
for tick in ax.get_yticks():
    if tick != 0:
        tick = 1/tick
    inverse_ticks.append(label_format % (tick,))
axi.set_yticklabels(inverse_ticks)
axi.set_ylabel('1/Y')
fig.tight_layout()
fig.show()

And you can also do it for the X axis:

# make shared x axis
xaxi = ax.twiny()
# set limits for shared axis
xaxi.set_xlim(ax.get_xlim())
# set ticks for shared axis
inverse_ticks = []
label_format = '%.3f'
for tick in ax.get_xticks():
    if tick != 0:
        tick = 1/tick
    inverse_ticks.append(label_format % (tick,))
xaxi.set_xticklabels(inverse_ticks)
xaxi.set_xlabel('1/X')

回答2:

Just make shared y axis and set desired limits and ticks for new axis like here:

import matplotlib.pylab as plt
import numpy as np

a=[3,7,2,8,12,17]
b=[9,4,11,7,6,3]
c=[9,3,17,13,10,5]
d=[5,1,1,14,5,8]

plt.scatter(a,b,c='red',label='reds')
plt.scatter(c,d,c='blue',label='blues')
plt.legend(loc='best')
ax = plt.gca()
# make shared y axis
ax2 = ax.twinx()
# set limits for shared axis
ax2.set_ylim([0,1])
# set ticks for shared axis
plt.yticks(np.arange(0.06, 1, 0.14))
plt.show()

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43493236/matplotlib-add-twin-y-axis-without-using-its-values-in-the-plots