问题
After installing pocketsphinx , when I tried to run the pocketsphinx_continuous program then I got this error..
_oss.c(103): Failed to open audio device(/dev/dsp): No such file or directory FATAL_ERROR: "continuous.c", line 242: Failed top open audio device
How to solve this problem?
回答1:
Install the following from the terminal :
sudo apt-get update;sudo apt-get dist-upgrade;
sudo apt-get install pavucontrol linux-sound-base alsa-base alsa-utils lightdm ubuntu-desktop linux-image-`uname -r` libasound2;
sudo apt-get -y --reinstall install linux-sound-base alsa-base alsa-utils lightdm ubuntu-desktop linux-image-`uname -r` libasound2;
killall pulseaudio;
rm -r ~/.pulse*;
ubuntu-support-status;
sudo usermod -aG `cat /etc/group | grep -e '^pulse:' -e '^audio:' -e '^pulse-access:' -e '^pulse-rt:' -e '^video:' | awk -F: '{print $1}' | tr '\n' ',' | sed 's:,$::g'` `whoami`
sudo apt-get install pulseaudio
sudo apt-get install libpulse-dev
sudo apt-get install osspd
Might take a while, but it worked perfectly for me.
回答2:
You have an issue with pocketsphinx installation
To make easy access to pocketsphinx, just install pocketsphinx from repository, more over, recently pocketsphinx has been landed in Ubuntu repository.
If you compile pocketsphinx from sources, the installation process for pocketsphinx is not an issue if you understand the complexity of audio subsystems in Linux. The audio subsystem is complex unfortunately, but once you get it things will be easier. Historically, audio subsystem is pretty fragmented. It includes the following major frameworks:
Old Unix-like DSP framework – everything is handled by the kernel-space driver. Applications interact with /dev/dsp device to produce and record audio ALSA – newer audio subsystem, partially in kernel but also has userspace library libasound. ALSA also provides DSP compatibliity layer through snd_pcm_oss driver which creates /dev/dsp device and emulates audio Pulseaudio – even newer system which works on the top of libasound ALSA library but provides a sound server to centralize all the processing. To communicate with the library it also provides libpulse library which must be used by applications to record sound Jack – another sound server, also works on the top of ALSA, provides anoher library libjack. Similar to Pulseaudio there are others not very popular frameworks, but sphinxbase doesn’t support them. Example are ESD (old GNOME sound server), ARTS (old KDE sound server), Portaudio (portable library usable across Windows, Linux and Mac). The recommended audio framework on Ubuntu is pulseaudio.
Sphinxbase and pocketsphinx support all the frameworks and automatically selects the one you need in compile time. The highest priority is in pulseaudio framework. Before you install sphinxbase you need to decide which framework to use. You need to setup the development part of the corresponding framework after that.
For example, it’s recommended to install libpulse-dev package to provide access to pulseaudio and after that sphinxbase will automatically work with Pulseaudio. Once you work with pulseaudio you do not need other frameworks. On embedded device try to configure alsa.
For the future, you can quickly get the answer on this and other issues by reading Pocketsphinx FAQ
回答3:
The following worked for me perfectly:
sudo apt-get update;sudo apt-get dist-upgrade; sudo apt-get install pavucontrol linux-sound-base alsa-base alsa-utils
sudo apt-get install libsound2
sudo apt-get install pulseaudio
sudo apt-get install libpulse-dev
sudo apt-get install osspd
And the below output resulted:
momen@momenlaptop:~$ pocketsphinx_continuous -inmic yes
INFO: pocketsphinx.c(152): Parsed model-specific feature parameters from /usr/local/share/pocketsphinx/model/en-us/en-us/feat.params
Current configuration:
[NAME] [DEFLT] [VALUE]
-agc none none
-agcthresh 2.0 2.000000e+00
-allphone
-allphone_ci no no
-alpha 0.97 9.700000e-01
-ascale 20.0 2.000000e+01
-aw 1 1
-backtrace no no
-beam 1e-48 1.000000e-48
-bestpath yes yes
-bestpathlw 9.5 9.500000e+00
-ceplen 13 13
-cmn live batch
-cmninit 40,3,-1 41.00,-5.29,-0.12,5.09,2.48,-4.07,-1.37,-1.78,-5.08,-2.05,-6.45,-1.42,1.17
-compallsen no no
-debug 0
-dict /usr/local/share/pocketsphinx/model/en-us/cmudict-en-us.dict
-dictcase no no
-dither no no
-doublebw no no
-ds 1 1
-fdict
-feat 1s_c_d_dd 1s_c_d_dd
-featparams
-fillprob 1e-8 1.000000e-08
-frate 100 100
-fsg
-fsgusealtpron yes yes
-fsgusefiller yes yes
-fwdflat yes yes
-fwdflatbeam 1e-64 1.000000e-64
-fwdflatefwid 4 4
-fwdflatlw 8.5 8.500000e+00
-fwdflatsfwin 25 25
-fwdflatwbeam 7e-29 7.000000e-29
-fwdtree yes yes
-hmm /usr/local/share/pocketsphinx/model/en-us/en-us
-input_endian little little
-jsgf
-keyphrase
-kws
-kws_delay 10 10
-kws_plp 1e-1 1.000000e-01
-kws_threshold 1 1.000000e+00
-latsize 5000 5000
-lda
-ldadim 0 0
-lifter 0 22
-lm /usr/local/share/pocketsphinx/model/en-us/en-us.lm.bin
-lmctl
-lmname
-logbase 1.0001 1.000100e+00
-logfn
-logspec no no
-lowerf 133.33334 1.300000e+02
-lpbeam 1e-40 1.000000e-40
-lponlybeam 7e-29 7.000000e-29
-lw 6.5 6.500000e+00
-maxhmmpf 30000 30000
-maxwpf -1 -1
-mdef
-mean
-mfclogdir
-min_endfr 0 0
-mixw
-mixwfloor 0.0000001 1.000000e-07
-mllr
-mmap yes yes
-ncep 13 13
-nfft 512 512
-nfilt 40 25
-nwpen 1.0 1.000000e+00
-pbeam 1e-48 1.000000e-48
-pip 1.0 1.000000e+00
-pl_beam 1e-10 1.000000e-10
-pl_pbeam 1e-10 1.000000e-10
-pl_pip 1.0 1.000000e+00
-pl_weight 3.0 3.000000e+00
-pl_window 5 5
-rawlogdir
-remove_dc no no
-remove_noise yes yes
-remove_silence yes yes
-round_filters yes yes
-samprate 16000 1.600000e+04
-seed -1 -1
-sendump
-senlogdir
-senmgau
-silprob 0.005 5.000000e-03
-smoothspec no no
-svspec 0-12/13-25/26-38
-tmat
-tmatfloor 0.0001 1.000000e-04
-topn 4 4
-topn_beam 0 0
-toprule
-transform legacy dct
-unit_area yes yes
-upperf 6855.4976 6.800000e+03
-uw 1.0 1.000000e+00
-vad_postspeech 50 50
-vad_prespeech 20 20
-vad_startspeech 10 10
-vad_threshold 2.0 2.000000e+00
-var
-varfloor 0.0001 1.000000e-04
-varnorm no no
-verbose no no
-warp_params
-warp_type inverse_linear inverse_linear
-wbeam 7e-29 7.000000e-29
-wip 0.65 6.500000e-01
-wlen 0.025625 2.562500e-02
INFO: feat.c(715): Initializing feature stream to type: '1s_c_d_dd', ceplen=13, CMN='batch', VARNORM='no', AGC='none'
INFO: acmod.c(162): Using subvector specification 0-12/13-25/26-38
INFO: mdef.c(518): Reading model definition: /usr/local/share/pocketsphinx/model/en-us/en-us/mdef
INFO: mdef.c(531): Found byte-order mark BMDF, assuming this is a binary mdef file
INFO: bin_mdef.c(336): Reading binary model definition: /usr/local/share/pocketsphinx/model/en-us/en-us/mdef
INFO: bin_mdef.c(516): 42 CI-phone, 137053 CD-phone, 3 emitstate/phone, 126 CI-sen, 5126 Sen, 29324 Sen-Seq
INFO: tmat.c(149): Reading HMM transition probability matrices: /usr/local/share/pocketsphinx/model/en-us/en-us/transition_matrices
INFO: acmod.c(113): Attempting to use PTM computation module
INFO: ms_gauden.c(127): Reading mixture gaussian parameter: /usr/local/share/pocketsphinx/model/en-us/en-us/means
INFO: ms_gauden.c(242): 42 codebook, 3 feature, size:
INFO: ms_gauden.c(244): 128x13
INFO: ms_gauden.c(244): 128x13
INFO: ms_gauden.c(244): 128x13
INFO: ms_gauden.c(127): Reading mixture gaussian parameter: /usr/local/share/pocketsphinx/model/en-us/en-us/variances
INFO: ms_gauden.c(242): 42 codebook, 3 feature, size:
INFO: ms_gauden.c(244): 128x13
INFO: ms_gauden.c(244): 128x13
INFO: ms_gauden.c(244): 128x13
INFO: ms_gauden.c(304): 222 variance values floored
INFO: ptm_mgau.c(476): Loading senones from dump file /usr/local/share/pocketsphinx/model/en-us/en-us/sendump
INFO: ptm_mgau.c(500): BEGIN FILE FORMAT DESCRIPTION
INFO: ptm_mgau.c(563): Rows: 128, Columns: 5126
INFO: ptm_mgau.c(595): Using memory-mapped I/O for senones
INFO: ptm_mgau.c(838): Maximum top-N: 4
INFO: phone_loop_search.c(114): State beam -225 Phone exit beam -225 Insertion penalty 0
INFO: dict.c(320): Allocating 138824 * 32 bytes (4338 KiB) for word entries
INFO: dict.c(333): Reading main dictionary: /usr/local/share/pocketsphinx/model/en-us/cmudict-en-us.dict
INFO: dict.c(213): Dictionary size 134723, allocated 1016 KiB for strings, 1679 KiB for phones
INFO: dict.c(336): 134723 words read
INFO: dict.c(358): Reading filler dictionary: /usr/local/share/pocketsphinx/model/en-us/en-us/noisedict
INFO: dict.c(213): Dictionary size 134728, allocated 0 KiB for strings, 0 KiB for phones
INFO: dict.c(361): 5 words read
INFO: dict2pid.c(396): Building PID tables for dictionary
INFO: dict2pid.c(406): Allocating 42^3 * 2 bytes (144 KiB) for word-initial triphones
INFO: dict2pid.c(132): Allocated 42672 bytes (41 KiB) for word-final triphones
INFO: dict2pid.c(196): Allocated 42672 bytes (41 KiB) for single-phone word triphones
INFO: ngram_model_trie.c(354): Trying to read LM in trie binary format
INFO: ngram_search_fwdtree.c(74): Initializing search tree
INFO: ngram_search_fwdtree.c(101): 791 unique initial diphones
INFO: ngram_search_fwdtree.c(186): Creating search channels
INFO: ngram_search_fwdtree.c(323): Max nonroot chan increased to 152609
INFO: ngram_search_fwdtree.c(333): Created 723 root, 152481 non-root channels, 53 single-phone words
INFO: ngram_search_fwdflat.c(157): fwdflat: min_ef_width = 4, max_sf_win = 25
INFO: continuous.c(307): pocketsphinx_continuous COMPILED ON: Sep 10 2017, AT: 22:55:34
INFO: continuous.c(252): Ready....
INFO: continuous.c(261): Listening...
INFO: ngram_search_fwdtree.c(949): cand_sf[] increased to 64 entries
INFO: ngram_search.c(459): Resized backpointer table to 10000 entries
INFO: ngram_search.c(467): Resized score stack to 200000 entries
INFO: ngram_search.c(459): Resized backpointer table to 20000 entries
INFO: ngram_search.c(467): Resized score stack to 400000 entries
INFO: ngram_search.c(459): Resized backpointer table to 40000 entries
INFO: ngram_search.c(467): Resized score stack to 800000 entries
INFO: cmn_live.c(88): Update from < 41.00 -5.29 -0.12 5.09 2.48 -4.07 -1.37 -1.78 -5.08 -2.05 -6.45 -1.42 1.17 >
INFO: cmn_live.c(105): Update to < 69.63 8.29 -5.53 -0.71 6.93 0.21 -8.90 -0.03 2.80 -1.20 3.76 5.92 -5.86 >
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17132192/pocketsphinx-continuous-failed-to-open-audio-device