Howto clean comments from raw sql file

问题

I have problem with cleaning comments and empty lines from already existing sql file. The file has over 10k lines so cleaning it manually is not an option.

I have a little python script, but I have no idea how to handle comments inside multi line inserts.

Code:

f = file( 'file.sql', 'r' )
t = filter( lambda x: not x.startswith('--') \
            and not x.isspace() 
  , f.readlines() )
f.close()
t #<- here the cleaned data should be

How it should work:

This should be cleaned:

-- normal sql comment

This should stay as it is:

CREATE FUNCTION func1(a integer) RETURNS void
    LANGUAGE plpgsql
    AS $$
BEGIN
        -- comment
       [...]
END;
$$;

INSERT INTO public.texts (multilinetext) VALUES ('
and more lines here \'
-- part of text 
\'
[...]

');

回答1:

Try the sqlparse module.

Updated example: leaving comments inside insert values, and comments within CREATE FUNCTION blocks. You can tweak further to tune the behavior:

import sqlparse
from sqlparse import tokens

queries = '''
CREATE FUNCTION func1(a integer) RETURNS void
    LANGUAGE plpgsql
        AS $$
        BEGIN
                -- comment
       END;
       $$;
SELECT -- comment
* FROM -- comment
TABLE foo;
-- comment
INSERT INTO foo VALUES ('a -- foo bar');
INSERT INTO foo
VALUES ('
a 
-- foo bar'
);

'''

IGNORE = set(['CREATE FUNCTION',])  # extend this

def _filter(stmt, allow=0):
    ddl = [t for t in stmt.tokens if t.ttype in (tokens.DDL, tokens.Keyword)]
    start = ' '.join(d.value for d in ddl[:2])
    if ddl and start in IGNORE:
        allow = 1
    for tok in stmt.tokens:
        if allow or not isinstance(tok, sqlparse.sql.Comment):
            yield tok

for stmt in sqlparse.split(queries):
    sql = sqlparse.parse(stmt)[0]
    print sqlparse.sql.TokenList([t for t in _filter(sql)])

Output:

CREATE FUNCTION func1(a integer) RETURNS void
    LANGUAGE plpgsql
        AS $$
        BEGIN
                -- comment
       END;
       $$;

SELECT * FROM TABLE foo;

INSERT INTO foo VALUES ('a -- foo bar');

INSERT INTO foo
VALUES ('
a
-- foo bar'
);

回答2:

Adding an updated answer :)

import sqlparse

sql_example = """--comment
SELECT * from test;
INSERT INTO test VALUES ('
-- test
a
');
 """
print sqlparse.format(sql_example, strip_comments=True).strip()

Output:

SELECT * from test;
INSERT INTO test VALUES ('
-- test
a
');

It achieves the same result but also covers all other corner cases and more concise

回答3:

This is an extend of samplebias answer that work with your example :

import sqlparse

sql_example = """--comment
SELECT * from test;
INSERT INTO test VALUES ('
-- test
a
');
"""

new_sql = []

for statement in sqlparse.parse(sql_example):
    new_tockens = [stm for stm in statement.tokens 
                   if not isinstance(stm, sqlparse.sql.Comment)]

    new_statement = sqlparse.sql.TokenList(new_tockens)
    new_sql.append(new_statement.to_unicode())

print sqlparse.format("\n".join(new_sql))

Output:

SELECT * from test;

INSERT INTO test VALUES ('
-- test
a
');

回答4:

It is possible to do it with regular expressions. First you have to split the file by strings and after this you can split the file by comments. The following Perl program does it:

#! /usr/bin/perl -w

# Read hole file.
my $file = join ('', <>);

# Split by strings including the strings.
my @major_parts = split (/('(?:[^'\\]++|\\.)*+')/, $file);

foreach my $part (@major_parts) {
    if ($part =~ /^'/) {
        # Print the part if it is a string.
        print $part; 
    }
    else {
        # Split by comments removing the comments
        my @minor_parts = split (/^--.*$/m, $part);
        # Print the remaining parts.
        print join ('', @minor_parts);
    }
}

回答5:

# Remove comments i.e. lines beginning with whitespace and '--' (using multi-line flag)
re.sub('^\s*--.*\n?', '', query, flags=re.MULTILINE)

Regex string explained:

• ^ start of line
• \s whitespace
• \s* zero or more whitespace characters
• -- two hypens (static string pattern)
• .* zero or more of any characters (i.e. the rest of the line)
• \n newline character
• ? end of string
• flags = re.M is the multiline modifier

"When specified, the pattern character '^' matches at the beginning of the string and at the beginning of each line (immediately following each newline)"

See the Python regular expressions documentation for more details:

https://docs.python.org/3/library/re.html

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5871791/howto-clean-comments-from-raw-sql-file