Question on Ruby collect method

问题

I have an array of hashes

Eg:

cars = [{:company => "Ford", :type => "SUV"},
        {:company => "Honda", :type => "Sedan"},
        {:company => "Toyota", :type => "Sedan"}]

# i want to fetch all the companies of the cars
cars.collect{|c| c[:company]}
# => ["Ford", "Honda", "Toyota"] 

# i'm lazy and i want to do something like this
cars.collect(&:company)
# => undefined method `company'

I was wondering if there is a similar shortcut to perform the above.

回答1:

I believe your current code cars.collect{|c| c[:company]} is the best way if you're enumerating over an arbitrary array. The method you would pass in via the & shortcut would have to be a method defined on Hash since each object in the array is of type Hash. Since there is no company method defined for Hash you get the "undefined method 'company'" error.

You could use cars.collect(&:company) if you were operating on an Array of Cars though, because each object passed into the collect block would be of type Car (which has the company method available). So maybe you could modify your code so that you use an array of Cars instead.

回答2:

You could convert the hashes to OpenStructs.

require 'ostruct'
cars = [{:company => "Ford", :type => "SUV"},
        {:company => "Honda", :type => "Sedan"},
        {:company => "Toyota", :type => "Sedan"}]
cars = cars.map{|car| OpenStruct.new(car)}

p cars.map( &:company )
#=> ["Ford", "Honda", "Toyota"]

回答3:

It's impossible to use in your case, because in collect you use method [] and argument :company. The construction &:company takes labels :company and converts to Proc, so it's only one argument - the name of method.

回答4:

Unfortunately Ruby hashes can't do that. Clojure maps on the other hand have functions for each key which return the corresponding value, which would be easy enough to do if you are so inclined (you should also add the corresponding respond_to? method):

>> class Hash
..   def method_missing(m)
..     self.has_key?(m) ? self[m] : super
..     end
..   end #=> nil
>> cars.collect(&:company) #=> ["Ford", "Honda", "Toyota"]
>> cars.collect(&:compay)
NoMethodError: undefined method `compay' for {:type=>"SUV", :company=>"Ford"}:Hash

Note: I'm not advising this, I'm just saying it's possible.

回答5:

Another horrible monkeypatch you shouldn't really use:

class Symbol
  def to_proc
    if self.to_s =~ /bracket_(.*)/
      Proc.new {|x| x[$1.to_sym]}
    else
      Proc.new {|x| x.send(self)}
    end
  end
end

cars = [{:company => "Ford", :type => "SUV"},
        {:company => "Honda", :type => "Sedan"},
        {:company => "Toyota", :type => "Sedan"}]

cars.collect(&:bracket_company)

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5473325/question-on-ruby-collect-method

标签

ruby

collect