Restricting string literals to Text only

问题

I'm aware that the OverloadedStrings language pragma wraps an implicit fromString around all string literals. What I'd like to do is not actually overload strings, but merely change their meaning so that they are always turned into Text, and therefore, using a string literal as a list of characters should result in a type error.

It appears to be impossible to import the IsString class without also importing the String instance for that class. Does ghc provide some way for me to restrict string literals to Text only?

回答1:

It's a little bit of overkill, but one solution is to combine OverloadedStrings and RebindableSyntax. The RebindableSyntax extension causes all the implicit function calls that Haskell syntax uses to refer to whatever functions are in scope; for instance, integer literals use any fromIntegral, not necessarily Prelude.fromIntegral. As a side effect, Prelude is no longer implicitly imported, so you have to do that manually. As long as you do import it, there shouldn't be any issues with syntax using the wrong function implicitly (I think—I haven't actually used this technique). When combined with OverloadedStrings, this causes "foo" to be transformed into fromString "foo" for whatever fromString's in scope, not necessarily Data.String.fromString "foo". So making fromString synonymous with pack will do what you want. A complete example:

{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings, RebindableSyntax #-}
import Prelude

import qualified Data.Text    as T
import qualified Data.Text.IO as T

fromString :: String -> T.Text
fromString = T.pack

main :: IO ()
main = T.putStrLn "Hello, world!"

This works fine, and changing main to main = putStrLn "Hello, world!" produces the desired error:

TestStrings.hs:11:17:
    Couldn't match expected type `String' with actual type `T.Text'
    Expected type: [Char] -> String
      Actual type: String -> T.Text
    In the first argument of `putStrLn', namely `"Hello, world!"'
    In the expression: putStrLn "Hello, world!"

Commenting out the definition of fromString causes a different error:

TestStrings.hs:11:19:
    Not in scope: `fromString'
    Perhaps you meant `showString' (imported from Prelude)

If you want it to work with both strict and lazy text, you could define your own IsString type class, and make both of them instances; the class doesn't have to be called IsString, just so long as it has a fromString method.

Also, a word of warning: the section of the GHC manual on RebindableSyntax doesn't mention the fromString function, and the section on OverloadedStrings doesn't mention RebindableSyntax. There's no reason this shouldn't work, but I think that means that this solution technically relies on undocumented behavior.