No changes detected in Alembic autogeneration of migrations with Flask-SQLAlchemy

问题

I'm having trouble getting Alembic to autogenerate candidate migrations from changes to classes using db.Model (Flask-SQLAlchemy) instead of Base.

I've modified env.py to create my Flask app, import all relevant models, initialize the database, and then run migrations:

...
uri = 'mysql://user:password@host/dbname?charset=utf8'
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = uri
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_ECHO'] = True
db.init_app(app)
with app.test_request_context():
    target_metadata = db.Model.metadata
    config.set_main_option('sqlalchemy.url', uri)
    if context.is_offline_mode():
        run_migrations_offline()
    else:
        run_migrations_online()
...

This approach works fine for drop_all(), create_all() (for example, when recreating a test db for unit testing), but it seems to fall flat in this case. The auto generated version scripts always have empty upgrade and downgrade methods, e.g.,

def upgrade():
    ### commands auto generated by Alembic - please adjust! ###
    pass
    ### end Alembic commands ###


def downgrade():
    ### commands auto generated by Alembic - please adjust! ###
    pass
    ### end Alembic commands ###

My changes have included renaming columns, changing column definitions, etc., not just changes to indices and foreign keys.

Is anyone out there using Alembic with Flask-SQLAlchemy? Any idea where I'm going wrong?

Thanks much!

回答1:

Alembic cannot automatically detect table or column renames. By default it will not look for column type changes either, but the compare_type option can be enabled for this.

Excerpt from the Alembic documentation:

Autogenerate will by default detect:

Table additions, removals.
Column additions, removals.
Change of nullable status on columns.

Autogenerate can optionally detect:

Change of column type. This will occur if you set compare_type=True on EnvironmentContext.configure(). The feature works well in most cases, but is off by default so that it can be tested on the target schema first. It can also be customized by passing a callable here; see the function’s documentation for details.
Change of server default. This will occur if you set compare_server_default=True on EnvironmentContext.configure(). This feature works well for simple cases but cannot always produce accurate results. The Postgresql backend will actually invoke the “detected” and “metadata” values against the database to determine equivalence. The feature is off by default so that it can be tested on the target schema first. Like type comparison, it can also be customized by passing a callable; see the function’s documentation for details.

Autogenerate can not detect:

Changes of table name. These will come out as an add/drop of two different tables, and should be hand-edited into a name change instead.
Changes of column name. Like table name changes, these are detected as a column add/drop pair, which is not at all the same as a name change.
Special SQLAlchemy types such as Enum when generated on a backend which doesn’t support ENUM directly - this because the representation of such a type in the non-supporting database, i.e. a CHAR+CHECK constraint, could be any kind of CHAR+CHECK. For SQLAlchemy to determine that this is actually an ENUM would only be a guess, something that’s generally a bad idea. To implement your own “guessing” function here, use the sqlalchemy.events.DDLEvents.column_reflect() event to alter the SQLAlchemy type passed for certain columns and possibly sqlalchemy.events.DDLEvents.after_parent_attach() to intercept unwanted CHECK constraints.

Autogenerate can’t currently, but will eventually detect:

Free-standing constraint additions, removals, like CHECK, UNIQUE, FOREIGN KEY - these aren’t yet implemented. Right now you’ll get constraints within new tables, PK and FK constraints for the “downgrade” to a previously existing table, and the CHECK constraints generated with a SQLAlchemy “schema” types Boolean, Enum.
Index additions, removals - not yet implemented.
Sequence additions, removals - not yet implemented.

UPDATE: some of the items in this last list are supported in the Alembic 0.7.x releases.

回答2:

My mistake was to try creating my initial migration with the db already in the final state, thinking it would notice it had no existing versions and base it on the models. I got empty versions until I deleted all tables in the db and then it worked fine.

回答3:

I also faced this issue and using this way to solve that:

open the migrations/env.py file, and on def run_migrations_online() function look at the context.configure, on Alembic 1.0.8 it should look like this:

with connectable.connect() as connection:
    context.configure(
        connection=connection,
        target_metadata=target_metadata,
        process_revision_directives=process_revision_directives,
        **current_app.extensions['migrate'].configure_args,
    )

Just remove or comment theprocess_revision_directives=process_revision_directives and then add the compare_type=True on that.

Like this:

with connectable.connect() as connection:
    context.configure(
        connection=connection,
        target_metadata=target_metadata,
        # process_revision_directives=process_revision_directives,
        **current_app.extensions['migrate'].configure_args,
        compare_type=True
    )

回答4:

Try flask-alembic https://github.com/tobiasandtobias/flask-alembic

I tried it yesterday. It works fine for me except drop operations. They doesn't work on sqlite (https://bitbucket.org/zzzeek/alembic/issue/21/column-renames-not-supported-on-sqlite).

The way I've used it. First I used python manage.py migrate revision --autogenerate to create empty tables in sqlite db. It'll produce such migration

def upgrade():
    ### commands auto generated by Alembic - please adjust! ###
    op.create_table('users_user',
    sa.Column('id', sa.Integer(), nullable=False),
    sa.Column('name', sa.String(length=50), nullable=True),
    sa.Column('email', sa.String(length=120), nullable=True),
    sa.Column('password', sa.String(length=20), nullable=True),
    sa.Column('role', sa.SmallInteger(), nullable=True),
    sa.Column('status', sa.SmallInteger(), nullable=True),
    sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint('id'),
    sa.UniqueConstraint('email'),
    sa.UniqueConstraint('name')
)
### end Alembic commands ###

def downgrade():
    ### commands auto generated by Alembic - please adjust! ###
    op.drop_table('users_user')
    ### end Alembic commands ###

Then - python manage.py migrate upgrade head

Then I added a new column test = db.Column(db.String(20)) to User model and ran this command python manage.py migrate revision --autogenerate -m 'test field at users'

This produced such migration:

def upgrade():
    ### commands auto generated by Alembic - please adjust! ###
    op.add_column('users_user', sa.Column('test', sa.String(length=20), nullable=True))
    ### end Alembic commands ###


def downgrade():
    ### commands auto generated by Alembic - please adjust! ###
    op.drop_column('users_user', 'test')
    ### end Alembic commands ###