问题
I'm trying to test if a given default constraint exists. I don't want to use the sysobjects table, but the more standard INFORMATION_SCHEMA.
I've used this to check for tables and primary key constraints before, but I don't see default constraints anywhere.
Are they not there? (I'm using MS SQL Server 2000).
EDIT: I'm looking to get by the name of the constraint.
回答1:
As I understand it, default value constraints aren't part of the ISO standard, so they don't appear in INFORMATION_SCHEMA. INFORMATION_SCHEMA seems like the best choice for this kind of task because it is cross-platform, but if the information isn't available one should use the object catalog views (sys.*) instead of system table views, which are deprecated in SQL Server 2005 and later.
Below is pretty much the same as @user186476's answer. It returns the name of the default value constraint for a given column. (For non-SQL Server users, you need the name of the default in order to drop it, and if you don't name the default constraint yourself, SQL Server creates some crazy name like "DF_TableN_Colum_95AFE4B5". To make it easier to change your schema in the future, always explicitly name your constraints!)
-- returns name of a column's default value constraint
SELECT
default_constraints.name
FROM
sys.all_columns
INNER JOIN
sys.tables
ON all_columns.object_id = tables.object_id
INNER JOIN
sys.schemas
ON tables.schema_id = schemas.schema_id
INNER JOIN
sys.default_constraints
ON all_columns.default_object_id = default_constraints.object_id
WHERE
schemas.name = 'dbo'
AND tables.name = 'tablename'
AND all_columns.name = 'columnname'
回答2:
You can use the following to narrow the results even more by specifying the Table Name and Column Name that the Default Constraint correlates to:
select * from sysobjects o
inner join syscolumns c
on o.id = c.cdefault
inner join sysobjects t
on c.id = t.id
where o.xtype = 'D'
and c.name = 'Column_Name'
and t.name = 'Table_Name'
回答3:
There seems to be no Default Constraint names in the Information_Schema views.
use SELECT * FROM sysobjects WHERE xtype = 'D' AND name = @name
to find a default constraint by name
回答4:
The script below lists all the default constraints and the default values for the user tables in the database in which it is being run:
SELECT
b.name AS TABLE_NAME,
d.name AS COLUMN_NAME,
a.name AS CONSTRAINT_NAME,
c.text AS DEFAULT_VALUE
FROM sys.sysobjects a INNER JOIN
(SELECT name, id
FROM sys.sysobjects
WHERE xtype = 'U') b on (a.parent_obj = b.id)
INNER JOIN sys.syscomments c ON (a.id = c.id)
INNER JOIN sys.syscolumns d ON (d.cdefault = a.id)
WHERE a.xtype = 'D'
ORDER BY b.name, a.name
回答5:
If you want to get a constraint by the column or table names, or you want to get all the constraints in the database, look to other answers. However, if you're just looking for exactly what the question asks, namely, to "test if a given default constraint exists ... by the name of the constraint", then there's a much easier way.
Here's a future-proof answer that doesn't use the sysobjects or other sys tables at all:
IF object_id('DF_CONSTRAINT_NAME', 'D') IS NOT NULL BEGIN
-- constraint exists, work with it.
END
回答6:
select c.name, col.name from sys.default_constraints c
inner join sys.columns col on col.default_object_id = c.object_id
inner join sys.objects o on o.object_id = c.parent_object_id
inner join sys.schemas s on s.schema_id = o.schema_id
where s.name = @SchemaName and o.name = @TableName and col.name = @ColumnName
回答7:
Is the COLUMN_DEFAULT column of INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS what you are looking for?
回答8:
WHILE EXISTS(
SELECT * FROM sys.all_columns
INNER JOIN sys.tables ST ON all_columns.object_id = ST.object_id
INNER JOIN sys.schemas ON ST.schema_id = schemas.schema_id
INNER JOIN sys.default_constraints ON all_columns.default_object_id = default_constraints.object_id
WHERE
schemas.name = 'dbo'
AND ST.name = 'MyTable'
)
BEGIN
DECLARE @SQL NVARCHAR(MAX) = N'';
SET @SQL = ( SELECT TOP 1
'ALTER TABLE ['+ schemas.name + '].[' + ST.name + '] DROP CONSTRAINT ' + default_constraints.name + ';'
FROM
sys.all_columns
INNER JOIN
sys.tables ST
ON all_columns.object_id = ST.object_id
INNER JOIN
sys.schemas
ON ST.schema_id = schemas.schema_id
INNER JOIN
sys.default_constraints
ON all_columns.default_object_id = default_constraints.object_id
WHERE
schemas.name = 'dbo'
AND ST.name = 'MyTable'
)
PRINT @SQL
EXECUTE sp_executesql @SQL
--End if Error
IF @@ERROR <> 0
BREAK
END
回答9:
I don't think it's in the INFORMATION_SCHEMA - you'll probably have to use sysobjects or related deprecated tables/views.
You would think there would be a type for this in INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS, but I don't see one.
回答10:
Probably because on some of the other SQL DBMSs the "default constraint" is not really a constraint, you'll not find its name in "INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS", so your best bet is "INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS" as others have mentioned already.
(SQLServer-ignoramus here)
The only a reason I can think of when you have to know the "default constraint"'s name is if SQLServer doesn't support "ALTER TABLE xxx ALTER COLUMN yyy SET DEFAULT..." command. But then you are already in a non-standard zone and you have to use the product-specific ways to get what you need.
回答11:
How about using a combination of CHECK_CONSTRAINTS and CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE:
select columns.table_name,columns.column_name,columns.column_default,checks.constraint_name
from information_schema.columns columns
inner join information_schema.constraint_column_usage usage on
columns.column_name = usage.column_name and columns.table_name = usage.table_name
inner join information_schema.check_constraints checks on usage.constraint_name = checks.constraint_name
where columns.column_default is not null
回答12:
I am using folllowing script to retreive all defaults (sp_binddefaults) and all default constraint with following scripts:
SELECT
t.name AS TableName, c.name AS ColumnName, SC.COLUMN_DEFAULT AS DefaultValue, dc.name AS DefaultConstraintName
FROM
sys.all_columns c
JOIN sys.tables t ON c.object_id = t.object_id
JOIN sys.schemas s ON t.schema_id = s.schema_id
LEFT JOIN sys.default_constraints dc ON c.default_object_id = dc.object_id
LEFT JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS SC ON (SC.TABLE_NAME = t.name AND SC.COLUMN_NAME = c.name)
WHERE
SC.COLUMN_DEFAULT IS NOT NULL
--WHERE t.name = '' and c.name = ''
回答13:
Object Catalog View : sys.default_constraints
The information schema views INFORMATION_SCHEMA are ANSI-compliant, but the default constraints aren't a part of ISO standard. Microsoft SQL Server provides system catalog views for getting information about SQL Server object metadata.
sys.default_constraints system catalog view used to getting the information about default constraints.
SELECT so.object_id TableName,
ss.name AS TableSchema,
cc.name AS Name,
cc.object_id AS ObjectID,
sc.name AS ColumnName,
cc.parent_column_id AS ColumnID,
cc.definition AS Defination,
CONVERT(BIT,
CASE cc.is_system_named
WHEN 1
THEN 1
ELSE 0
END) AS IsSystemNamed,
cc.create_date AS CreationDate,
cc.modify_date AS LastModifiednDate
FROM sys.default_constraints cc WITH (NOLOCK)
INNER JOIN sys.objects so WITH (NOLOCK) ON so.object_id = cc.parent_object_id
LEFT JOIN sys.schemas ss WITH (NOLOCK) ON ss.schema_id = so.schema_id
LEFT JOIN sys.columns sc WITH (NOLOCK) ON sc.column_id = cc.parent_column_id
AND sc.object_id = cc.parent_object_id
ORDER BY so.name,
cc.name;
回答14:
Necromancing.
If you only need to check if a default-constraint exists
(default-constraint(s) may have different name in poorly-managed DBs),
use INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS (column_default):
IF NOT EXISTS(
SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
WHERE (1=1)
AND TABLE_SCHEMA = 'dbo'
AND TABLE_NAME = 'T_VWS_PdfBibliothek'
AND COLUMN_NAME = 'PB_Text'
AND COLUMN_DEFAULT IS NOT NULL
)
BEGIN
EXECUTE('ALTER TABLE dbo.T_VWS_PdfBibliothek
ADD CONSTRAINT DF_T_VWS_PdfBibliothek_PB_Text DEFAULT (N''image'') FOR PB_Text;
');
END
If you want to check by the constraint-name only:
-- Alternative way:
IF OBJECT_ID('DF_CONSTRAINT_NAME', 'D') IS NOT NULL
BEGIN
-- constraint exists, deal with it.
END
And last but not least, you can just create a view called
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.DEFAULT_CONSTRAINTS:
CREATE VIEW INFORMATION_SCHEMA.DEFAULT_CONSTRAINTS
AS
SELECT
DB_NAME() AS CONSTRAINT_CATALOG
,csch.name AS CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA
,dc.name AS CONSTRAINT_NAME
,DB_NAME() AS TABLE_CATALOG
,sch.name AS TABLE_SCHEMA
,syst.name AS TABLE_NAME
,sysc.name AS COLUMN_NAME
,COLUMNPROPERTY(sysc.object_id, sysc.name, 'ordinal') AS ORDINAL_POSITION
,dc.type_desc AS CONSTRAINT_TYPE
,dc.definition AS COLUMN_DEFAULT
-- ,dc.create_date
-- ,dc.modify_date
FROM sys.columns AS sysc -- 46918 / 3892 with inner joins + where
-- FROM sys.all_columns AS sysc -- 55429 / 3892 with inner joins + where
INNER JOIN sys.tables AS syst
ON syst.object_id = sysc.object_id
INNER JOIN sys.schemas AS sch
ON sch.schema_id = syst.schema_id
INNER JOIN sys.default_constraints AS dc
ON sysc.default_object_id = dc.object_id
INNER JOIN sys.schemas AS csch
ON csch.schema_id = dc.schema_id
WHERE (1=1)
AND dc.is_ms_shipped = 0
/*
WHERE (1=1)
AND sch.name = 'dbo'
AND syst.name = 'tablename'
AND sysc.name = 'columnname'
*/
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/141682/how-do-i-find-a-default-constraint-using-information-schema