Java Runtime exec() fails to escape characters properly

问题

This might already been answered before but that was regarding unicode and I don't think this is unicode (it's in ASCII so...).

When I execute this in my terminal there is no problem what so ever

vboxmanage setextradata "Test Machine" "VBoxInternal/Devices/pcnet/0/LUN#0/Config/ssh/HostPort" 2222

However when I use the following in Java

Runtime.getRuntime().exec("vboxmanage setextradata \"Test Machine\" \"VBoxInternal/Devices/pcnet/0/LUN#0/Config/ssh/HostPort\" 2222");

It returns an error: unregistered vm '"TestMachine"'

The same goes for parameters with spaces in them like Test\ Machine, then it doesn't escape the space.

Now I think this has something to do with the character encoding, but I don't see any option to set that o_O

回答1:

You are calling the program and its arguments in one pass, which effectively shoves the entire string into the processing environment (hoping for the best).

In Windows systems, the operating system makes a point of handling the executable and arguments differently, and putting them all in the same string just requires you to pick the perfect string which the environment (of which there are two that i know about) can re-parse into an argument list. The better solution is to use

Runtime.exec(new String[] {"vboxmanage", "setextradata", "Test Machine", "VBoxInternal/Devices/pcnet/0/LUN#0/Config/ssh/HostPort", "2222"});

which corresponds to Runtime's

public Process exec(String[] cmdarray)
         throws IOException

At best, with the one string method you'll eventually find out how to hint and escape out the arguments so they don't get treated as part of the executable name, but then you'll encounter a new issue, that they get passed all as one parameter to the executable. Once you fix that depending on the environment, you'll either find that your quotes aren't getting stripped from the parameters (leading to parameters like "2222") or that Window's semi-broken argument parsing is going to parse on whitespace first (leading to parameters like ("Test). It doesn't make sense, that's why there are more than one exec methods available.

回答2:

Using Runtime.exec(String) is the wrong method for this case (and generally the wrong method for passing arguments to the new process).

Use one of the exec overloads that takes an array of arguments to pass to the new process. (Or, see Paul's answer with ProcessBuilder -- neither of these approaches suffer from escaping issues).

Example:

exec(new String[] { "vbomanager",
  "setextradata", "Test Machine",
  "VBoxInternal/Devices/pcnet/0/LUN#0/Config/ssh/HostPort", "2222"});

Happy coding.

回答3:

Rather than trying to quote the command line you might be better off using ProcessBuilder.command(arg0, arg1, ...)

See ProcessBuilder for details.

回答4:

On Windows, Runtime.exec(String[]) is unsafe as well. If the argument array contains the empty string, the empty argument is basically omitted which may lead to an invalid command line. Also, quotes within any of the arguments are not prefixed with backslashes. Also, the ProcessBuilder may add quotes to arguments without doubling the number of preceding backslashes which gives funny results if one passes a path to a folder like c:\program files\ including the trailing backslash.

Microsoft's documentation of their command line tokenizer is available here: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/a1y7w461.aspx

The issues I described are documented here: http://bugs.sun.com/view_bug.do?bug_id=6468220 and http://bugs.sun.com/view_bug.do?bug_id=6518827

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5969724/java-runtime-exec-fails-to-escape-characters-properly

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