问题
I'm looking for a way to include/exclude files patterns and exclude directories from a os.walk() call.
Here's what I'm doing by now:
import fnmatch
import os
includes = ['*.doc', '*.odt']
excludes = ['/home/paulo-freitas/Documents']
def _filter(paths):
matches = []
for path in paths:
append = None
for include in includes:
if os.path.isdir(path):
append = True
break
if fnmatch.fnmatch(path, include):
append = True
break
for exclude in excludes:
if os.path.isdir(path) and path == exclude:
append = False
break
if fnmatch.fnmatch(path, exclude):
append = False
break
if append:
matches.append(path)
return matches
for root, dirs, files in os.walk('/home/paulo-freitas'):
dirs[:] = _filter(map(lambda d: os.path.join(root, d), dirs))
files[:] = _filter(map(lambda f: os.path.join(root, f), files))
for filename in files:
filename = os.path.join(root, filename)
print filename
The question is: is there a better way to do this? How?
回答1:
This solution uses fnmatch.translate to convert glob patterns to regular expressions (it assumes the includes only is used for files):
import fnmatch
import os
import os.path
import re
includes = ['*.doc', '*.odt'] # for files only
excludes = ['/home/paulo-freitas/Documents'] # for dirs and files
# transform glob patterns to regular expressions
includes = r'|'.join([fnmatch.translate(x) for x in includes])
excludes = r'|'.join([fnmatch.translate(x) for x in excludes]) or r'$.'
for root, dirs, files in os.walk('/home/paulo-freitas'):
# exclude dirs
dirs[:] = [os.path.join(root, d) for d in dirs]
dirs[:] = [d for d in dirs if not re.match(excludes, d)]
# exclude/include files
files = [os.path.join(root, f) for f in files]
files = [f for f in files if not re.match(excludes, f)]
files = [f for f in files if re.match(includes, f)]
for fname in files:
print fname
回答2:
From docs.python.org:
os.walk(top[, topdown=True[, onerror=None[, followlinks=False]]])
When topdown is True, the caller can modify the dirnames list in-place … this can be used to prune the search …
for root, dirs, files in os.walk('/home/paulo-freitas', topdown=True):
# excludes can be done with fnmatch.filter and complementary set,
# but it's more annoying to read.
dirs[:] = [d for d in dirs if d not in excludes]
for pat in includes:
for f in fnmatch.filter(files, pat):
print os.path.join(root, f)
I should point out that the above code assumes excludes is a pattern, not a full path. You would need to adjust the list comprehension to filter if os.path.join(root, d) not in excludes to match the OP case.
回答3:
why fnmatch?
import os
excludes=....
for ROOT,DIR,FILES in os.walk("/path"):
for file in FILES:
if file.endswith(('doc','odt')):
print file
for directory in DIR:
if not directory in excludes :
print directory
not exhaustively tested
回答4:
dirtools is perfect for your use-case:
from dirtools import Dir
print(Dir('.', exclude_file='.gitignore').files())
回答5:
Here is one way to do that
import fnmatch
import os
excludes = ['/home/paulo-freitas/Documents']
matches = []
for path, dirs, files in os.walk(os.getcwd()):
for eachpath in excludes:
if eachpath in path:
continue
else:
for result in [os.path.abspath(os.path.join(path, filename)) for
filename in files if fnmatch.fnmatch(filename,'*.doc') or fnmatch.fnmatch(filename,'*.odt')]:
matches.append(result)
print matches
回答6:
import os
includes = ['*.doc', '*.odt']
excludes = ['/home/paulo-freitas/Documents']
def file_search(path, exe):
for x,y,z in os.walk(path):
for a in z:
if a[-4:] == exe:
print os.path.join(x,a)
for x in includes:
file_search(excludes[0],x)
回答7:
This is an example of excluding directories and files with os.walk():
ignoreDirPatterns=[".git"]
ignoreFilePatterns=[".php"]
def copyTree(src, dest, onerror=None):
src = os.path.abspath(src)
src_prefix = len(src) + len(os.path.sep)
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(src, onerror=onerror):
for pattern in ignoreDirPatterns:
if pattern in root:
break
else:
#If the above break didn't work, this part will be executed
for file in files:
for pattern in ignoreFilePatterns:
if pattern in file:
break
else:
#If the above break didn't work, this part will be executed
dirpath = os.path.join(dest, root[src_prefix:])
try:
os.makedirs(dirpath,exist_ok=True)
except OSError as e:
if onerror is not None:
onerror(e)
filepath=os.path.join(root,file)
shutil.copy(filepath,dirpath)
continue;#If the above else didn't executed, this will be reached
continue;#If the above else didn't executed, this will be reached
python >=3.2 due to exist_ok in makedirs
回答8:
The above methods had not worked for me.
So, This is what I came up with an expansion of my original answer to another question.
What worked for me was:
if (not (str(root) + '/').startswith(tuple(exclude_foldr)))
which compiled a path and excluded the tuple of my listed folders.
This gave me the exact result I was looking for.
My goal for this was to keep my mac organized.
I can Search any folder by path, locate & move specific file.types, ignore subfolders and i preemptively prompt the user if they want to move the files.
NOTE: the
Promptis only one time per run and is NOT per file
By Default the prompt defaults to NO when you hit enter instead of [y/N], and will just list the Potential files to be moved.
This is only a snippet of my GitHub Please visit for the total script.
HINT: Read the script below as I added info per line as to what I had done.
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# =============================================================================
# Created On : MAC OSX High Sierra 10.13.6 (17G65)
# Created On : Python 3.7.0
# Created By : Jeromie Kirchoff
# =============================================================================
"""THE MODULE HAS BEEN BUILD FOR KEEPING YOUR FILES ORGANIZED."""
# =============================================================================
from os import walk
from os import path
from shutil import move
import getpass
import click
mac_username = getpass.getuser()
includes_file_extensn = ([".jpg", ".gif", ".png", ".jpeg", ])
search_dir = path.dirname('/Users/' + mac_username + '/Documents/')
target_foldr = path.dirname('/Users/' + mac_username + '/Pictures/Archive/')
exclude_foldr = set([target_foldr,
path.dirname('/Users/' + mac_username +
'/Documents/GitHub/'),
path.dirname('/Users/' + mac_username +
'/Documents/Random/'),
path.dirname('/Users/' + mac_username +
'/Documents/Stupid_Folder/'),
])
if click.confirm("Would you like to move files?",
default=False):
question_moving = True
else:
question_moving = False
def organize_files():
"""THE MODULE HAS BEEN BUILD FOR KEEPING YOUR FILES ORGANIZED."""
# topdown=True required for filtering.
# "Root" had all info i needed to filter folders not dir...
for root, dir, files in walk(search_dir, topdown=True):
for file in files:
# creating a directory to str and excluding folders that start with
if (not (str(root) + '/').startswith(tuple(exclude_foldr))):
# showcase only the file types looking for
if (file.endswith(tuple(includes_file_extensn))):
# using path.normpath as i found an issue with double //
# in file paths.
filetomove = path.normpath(str(root) + '/' +
str(file))
# forward slash required for both to split
movingfileto = path.normpath(str(target_foldr) + '/' +
str(file))
# Answering "NO" this only prints the files "TO BE Moved"
print('Files To Move: ' + str(filetomove))
# This is using the prompt you answered at the beginning
if question_moving is True:
print('Moving File: ' + str(filetomove) +
"\n To:" + str(movingfileto))
# This is the command that moves the file
move(filetomove, movingfileto)
pass
# The rest is ignoring explicitly and continuing
else:
pass
pass
else:
pass
else:
pass
if __name__ == '__main__':
organize_files()
Example of running my script from terminal:
$ python3 organize_files.py
Exclude list: {'/Users/jkirchoff/Pictures/Archive', '/Users/jkirchoff/Documents/Stupid_Folder', '/Users/jkirchoff/Documents/Random', '/Users/jkirchoff/Documents/GitHub'}
Files found will be moved to this folder:/Users/jkirchoff/Pictures/Archive
Would you like to move files?
No? This will just list the files.
Yes? This will Move your files to the target folder.
[y/N]:
Example of listing files:
Files To Move: /Users/jkirchoff/Documents/Archive/JayWork/1.custom-award-768x512.jpg
Files To Move: /Users/jkirchoff/Documents/Archive/JayWork/10351458_318162838331056_9023492155204267542_n.jpg
...etc
Example of moving files:
Moving File: /Users/jkirchoff/Documents/Archive/JayWork/1.custom-award-768x512.jpg
To: /Users/jkirchoff/Pictures/Archive/1.custom-award-768x512.jpg
Moving File: /Users/jkirchoff/Documents/Archive/JayWork/10351458_318162838331056_9023492155204267542_n.jpg
To: /Users/jkirchoff/Pictures/Archive/10351458_318162838331056_9023492155204267542_n.jpg
...
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5141437/filtering-os-walk-dirs-and-files