问题
I need some help on how to implement a jquery-ui autocomplete in my Rails app.
I want to add autocompletion to a text field where the user can enter in a customer name. As there can be hundreds of customers, I will need to pull the suggested auto-completion values 'remotely', as in, from a table (at least this is what I understand).
The main point I am failing to understand is how to provide the suggested values to the autocompletion textbox. I have read the jquery-ui docs, but I seem to be a bit dense on this matter.
So what I am really after is an example of how I can get this to work in a Rails app, not necessarily a full description of how the javascript is built (that's what the jquery-ui team has done for me =) ).
For example, how do I prepare the data for the autocompletion, and how do I attach the autocompletion functionality to a textbox.
回答1:
Well I never got an answer to my question above so I ended up having to figure it out for myself. I thought I should post the solution I came up with in case there are any other guys out there who are wondering the same thing.
First thing you should know is that this is my first experience with javascript, and I am just getting the hang of Rails. So by all means, feel free to edit, comment anywhere you feel I have gone wrong with this. Right or wrong at least I know that it functions the way I wanted it to.
I think the best way to show this is by example. So the following is how I got the autocomplete widget to work in my app. You can go ahead and put the following code in your app even if you don't understand what is happening, then we can go over how each part is working by example. After this you should have a grasp on how to modify it for your use or refractor it.
INCLUDE JQUERY UI IN YOUR RAILS APP.
Download a copy of the jQuery UI and place jquery-ui-1.8.2.custom.min.js inside your /public/javascript directory. Also make sure you have a copy of jQuery itself and that this is also in the same folder.
Include the jQuery UI file and the jQuery file in your application.html.erb file like this.
(you can name the files as you please as long as they match)
<%= javascript_include_tag 'jquery.min', 'jquery-ui-1.8.2.custom.min.js' %>
In your download of jQuery UI, you will have a folder that contains all of your CSS data. The name will vary based on the theme you chose, for example I chose the theme 'cupertino'. Place the entire folder containing your CSS data into '/public/stylesheets/'. Then include the CSS file in your application.html.erb like this.
<%= stylesheet_link_tag 'cupertino/jquery-ui-1.8.2.custom' %>
EXAMPLE AUTOCOMPLETE JAVASCRIPT
Now take the following chunk of code and place it in one of your 'new' views. You can use this in any view, but realize that I have literally taken it from an existing view belonging to a controller called 'links_controller', and it is pulling data from a 'people_controller'. Hopefully you know enough about Rails to work out what you need to change so this works for you.
-- Begin big chunk of code --
<script type="text/javascript">
$(function() {
// Below is the name of the textfield that will be autocomplete
$('#select_origin').autocomplete({
// This shows the min length of charcters that must be typed before the autocomplete looks for a match.
minLength: 2,
// This is the source of the auocomplete suggestions. In this case a list of names from the people controller, in JSON format.
source: '<%= people_path(:json) %>',
// This updates the textfield when you move the updown the suggestions list, with your keyboard. In our case it will reflect the same value that you see in the suggestions which is the person.given_name.
focus: function(event, ui) {
$('#select_origin').val(ui.item.person.given_name);
return false;
},
// Once a value in the drop down list is selected, do the following:
select: function(event, ui) {
// place the person.given_name value into the textfield called 'select_origin'...
$('#select_origin').val(ui.item.person.given_name);
// and place the person.id into the hidden textfield called 'link_origin_id'.
$('#link_origin_id').val(ui.item.person.id);
return false;
}
})
// The below code is straight from the jQuery example. It formats what data is displayed in the dropdown box, and can be customized.
.data( "autocomplete" )._renderItem = function( ul, item ) {
return $( "<li></li>" )
.data( "item.autocomplete", item )
// For now which just want to show the person.given_name in the list.
.append( "<a>" + item.person.given_name + "</a>" )
.appendTo( ul );
};
});
</script>
<h1>New link</h1>
<% form_for(@link) do |f| %>
<%= f.error_messages %>
<!-- Place the following text fields in your form, the names are not important. What is important is that they match the names in your javascript above -->
<p>
Select which person you want to link:<br />
<!-- This is the textfield that will autocomplete. What is displayed here is for the user to see but the data will not go anywhere -->
<input id="select_origin"/>
<!-- This is the hidden textfield that will be given the Persons ID based on who is selected. This value will be sent as a parameter -->
<input id="link_origin_id" name="link[origin_id]" type="hidden"/>
</p>
<!-- end of notes -->
<p>
<%= f.label :rcvd_id %><br />
<%= f.text_field :rcvd_id %>
</p>
<p>
<%= f.label :link_type %><br />
<%= f.text_field :link_type %>
</p>
<p>
<%= f.label :summary %><br />
<%= f.text_area :summary %>
</p>
<p>
<%= f.label :active %><br />
<%= f.check_box :active %>
</p>
<p>
<%= f.submit 'Create' %>
</p>
<% end %>
-- End Big Chunk of Code --
Okay now to connect the dots.
PROVIDE DATA FOR AUTOCOMPLETE TO USE AS SUGGESTIONS
Lets start by connecting up some data that the autocomplete textfield can display in the drop down suggestions. The format we will be using is JSON, but don't worry if you are not familiar with it ... neither am I =). It is good enough to know that it is a way to format text so that other parts of yours/other applications can use it.
The data the textfield will need for the autocomplete is specified in the 'source:' option. Because we want to send a list of peoples names and their ID to the autocomplete we will put the following as the source.
source: '<%= people_path(:json) %>'
The rails helper above will translate to a string "/people.json". You do not need to create a page at "/people.json". What you do need to do is tell your people_controller what to do when it receives a request for /people with the .json format. Put the following into your people_controller:
def index
# I will explain this part in a moment.
if params[:term]
@people = Person.find(:all,:conditions => ['given_name LIKE ?', "#{params[:term]}%"])
else
@people = Person.all
end
respond_to do |format|
format.html # index.html.erb
# Here is where you can specify how to handle the request for "/people.json"
format.json { render :json => @people.to_json }
end
end
Now we have all the people in @people being sent to the autocomplete textfield. This brings up the very next point.
FILTER DATA USED FOR AUTOCOMPLETE SUGGESTION, BASED ON INPUT
How does the autocomplete textfield know how to filter the results based on what you type?
The autocomplete widget assigned to the textfield will send whatever you type into the textfield as a parameter to your source:. The parameter being sent is "term". So if you were to type "Joe" into the textfield, we would be doing the following:
/people.json?term=joe
That is why we have the following in the controller:
# If the autocomplete is used, it will send a parameter 'term', so we catch that here
if params[:term]
# Then we limit the number of records assigned to @people, by using the term value as a filter.
@people = Person.find(:all,:conditions => ['given_name LIKE ?', "#{params[:term]}%"])
# In my example, I still need to access all records when I first render the page, so for normal use I assign all. This has nothing to do with the autocomplete, just showing you how I used it in my situation.
else
@people = Person.all
end
Now that we have limited the number of records assigned to @people based on what is typed into the autocomplete textfield, we can now turn that into JSON format for the autocomplete suggestions.
respond_to do |format|
format.html # index.html.erb
format.json { render :json => @people.to_json }
end
Now, just review the comments inside the "Big Chunk of Code" which should explain the rest of how this ties together.
At the end you should have a textfield on your page that acts as the autocomplete and a hidden field that will send the ID in a parameter to your controller.
CUSTOMIZE YOUR OWN AUTOCOMPLETE
Once you understand the above and you want to modify it for your use, you should know that the format JSON returned from your controller looks like this:
[{"person":{"id":1,"given_name":"joe","middle_name":"smith","family_name":"jones","nationality":"australian"}}]
The way to access the different values from the JSON string in your javascript in this case would be:
ui.item.person.name_of_some_attribute_such_as_given_name
Pretty, simple. A lot like accessing an ActiveRecord attribute in Rails.
One last note. I spent a lot of time looking for a different way to supply the hidden value, as I thought this function should have been built into the jquery widget. However, this is not the case. It is clearly shown in the official jQuery example that the way to send a different value then selected as a parameter, is to use a hidden field.
Well I hope that helps somebody.
Dale
回答2:
jQuery 1.9/1.10 removed the key autocomplete and added uiAutocomplete
.data("uiAutocomplete") instead of .data("autocomplete")
After modifying to above,it worked for me.
回答3:
Dale's Answer is quite the tutorial. One thing to note is that using your first query, the datasource will only return matches beginning with the string you type. If you want search anywhere in the word, you need to change:
@people = Person.find(:all,:conditions =>
['given_name LIKE ?', "#{params[:term]}%"])
to
@people = Person.find(:all,:conditions =>
['given_name LIKE ?', "%#{params[:term]}%"])
(added an extra % to the query)
回答4:
I basically followed Dale's advice below but my controller and js files were slightly diff- his version was giving me issues for some reason (maybe bc of jquery updates)
Context: I'm trying to autocomplete names of DJs typed in by users - also a newb
DJs Controller
class DjsController < ApplicationController
def index
if params[:term]
@djs = Dj.is_dj.where('lower(name) LIKE ?', "%#{params[:term].downcase}%")
respond_to do |format|
format.html
format.json { render :json => @djs.map(&:name) }
end
end
end
end
html.erb file
<script type="text/javascript">
$(function() {
$('#select_origin').autocomplete({
source: '<%= djs_path(:json) %>'
})
$('.submit-comment').click(function(){
var dj_name = $('#select_origin').val();
$('#link_origin_id').val(dj_name);
})
})
</script>
回答5:
This is a great help.
In addition to it in case if you need to fetch url of image of user, it might not be possible with to_json. For that add the following code in model.
def avatar_url
avatar.url(:thumb)
end
And then in controller instead of to_json use as_json
respond_to do |format|
format.json {render :json => @users.as_json(:only => [:id,:name,:username], :methods => [:avatar_url]) }
end
回答6:
It's important to note that if your 'source' is relatively small, for example 50 elements, the implementation should be different (and a lot simpler). It is mentioned in the fourth paragraph of the official doc:
https://api.jqueryui.com/autocomplete/
When using local data all you need to do is obtain the data and pass it to the autocomplete method, and it will do the filtering for you. You don't need to go back and forth to the server every time a term es entered.
function filterByTags(tags) {
$("#stories-filter").autocomplete({
source: tags,
autoFocus: true
});
}
$("#stories-filter").click(function() {
$.ajax({
dataType: 'json',
method: 'GET',
url: 'tags/index',
data: $(this).data('project-id'),
success: function (response) {
if(response.success) {
var tags = response.data.tags;
filterByTags(tags);
}
},
error: function (response) {
if(response.status === 422) {
var $errors = 'There are no tags in this project',
$errorsContainer = $('.error-container');
$errorsContainer.append($errors);
$errorsContainer.show();
}
}
});
});
回答7:
Since this is old, but google still comes here, a small note about the main answer, which is essentially good, but some things have changed:
see answer about jquery having changed .data("uiAutocomplete") to .data("autocomplete")
Also i would recommend a separate route on the resource collection that just handles json
- use rabl to create smaller json (or pluck for larger models)
- ilike , not like, for case insensitive
- the % in front, so the search is not just start_with.
- valiable traversal in the methods, like item.person.name are just item.name (so drop the .person)
- use coffee (in haml)
- use a limit, and where as in: Person.where('given_name ilike ?', "%#{params[:term]}%").limit(20)
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3188157/how-to-set-up-jquery-ui-autocomplete-in-rails