Directory-tree listing in Python

问题

How do I get a list of all files (and directories) in a given directory in Python?

回答1:

This is a way to traverse every file and directory in a directory tree:

import os

for dirname, dirnames, filenames in os.walk('.'):
    # print path to all subdirectories first.
    for subdirname in dirnames:
        print(os.path.join(dirname, subdirname))

    # print path to all filenames.
    for filename in filenames:
        print(os.path.join(dirname, filename))

    # Advanced usage:
    # editing the 'dirnames' list will stop os.walk() from recursing into there.
    if '.git' in dirnames:
        # don't go into any .git directories.
        dirnames.remove('.git')

回答2:

You can use

os.listdir(path)

For reference and more os functions look here:

• Python 2 docs: https://docs.python.org/2/library/os.html#os.listdir
• Python 3 docs: https://docs.python.org/3/library/os.html#os.listdir

回答3:

Here's a helper function I use quite often:

import os

def listdir_fullpath(d):
    return [os.path.join(d, f) for f in os.listdir(d)]

回答4:

import os

for filename in os.listdir("C:\\temp"):
    print  filename

回答5:

If you need globbing abilities, there's a module for that as well. For example:

import glob
glob.glob('./[0-9].*')

will return something like:

['./1.gif', './2.txt']

See the documentation here.

回答6:

Try this:

import os
for top, dirs, files in os.walk('./'):
    for nm in files:       
        print os.path.join(top, nm)

回答7:

For files in current working directory without specifying a path

Python 2.7:

import os
os.listdir(os.getcwd())

Python 3.x:

import os
os.listdir()

Thanks to Stam Kaly for comment on python 3.x

回答8:

A recursive implementation

import os

def scan_dir(dir):
    for name in os.listdir(dir):
        path = os.path.join(dir, name)
        if os.path.isfile(path):
            print path
        else:
            scan_dir(path)

回答9:

I wrote a long version, with all the options I might need: http://sam.nipl.net/code/python/find.py

I guess it will fit here too:

#!/usr/bin/env python

import os
import sys

def ls(dir, hidden=False, relative=True):
    nodes = []
    for nm in os.listdir(dir):
        if not hidden and nm.startswith('.'):
            continue
        if not relative:
            nm = os.path.join(dir, nm)
        nodes.append(nm)
    nodes.sort()
    return nodes

def find(root, files=True, dirs=False, hidden=False, relative=True, topdown=True):
    root = os.path.join(root, '')  # add slash if not there
    for parent, ldirs, lfiles in os.walk(root, topdown=topdown):
        if relative:
            parent = parent[len(root):]
        if dirs and parent:
            yield os.path.join(parent, '')
        if not hidden:
            lfiles   = [nm for nm in lfiles if not nm.startswith('.')]
            ldirs[:] = [nm for nm in ldirs  if not nm.startswith('.')]  # in place
        if files:
            lfiles.sort()
            for nm in lfiles:
                nm = os.path.join(parent, nm)
                yield nm

def test(root):
    print "* directory listing, with hidden files:"
    print ls(root, hidden=True)
    print
    print "* recursive listing, with dirs, but no hidden files:"
    for f in find(root, dirs=True):
        print f
    print

if __name__ == "__main__":
    test(*sys.argv[1:])

回答10:

Here is another option.

os.scandir(path='.')

It returns an iterator of os.DirEntry objects corresponding to the entries (along with file attribute information) in the directory given by path.

Example:

with os.scandir(path) as it:
    for entry in it:
        if not entry.name.startswith('.'):
            print(entry.name)

Using scandir() instead of listdir() can significantly increase the performance of code that also needs file type or file attribute information, because os.DirEntry objects expose this information if the operating system provides it when scanning a directory. All os.DirEntry methods may perform a system call, but is_dir() and is_file() usually only require a system call for symbolic links; os.DirEntry.stat() always requires a system call on Unix but only requires one for symbolic links on Windows.

Python Docs

回答11:

While os.listdir() is fine for generating a list of file and dir names, frequently you want to do more once you have those names - and in Python3, pathlib makes those other chores simple. Let's take a look and see if you like it as much as I do.

To list dir contents, construct a Path object and grab the iterator:

In [16]: Path('/etc').iterdir()
Out[16]: <generator object Path.iterdir at 0x110853fc0>

If we want just a list of names of things:

In [17]: [x.name for x in Path('/etc').iterdir()]
Out[17]:
['emond.d',
 'ntp-restrict.conf',
 'periodic',

If you want just the dirs:

In [18]: [x.name for x in Path('/etc').iterdir() if x.is_dir()]
Out[18]:
['emond.d',
 'periodic',
 'mach_init.d',

If you want the names of all conf files in that tree:

In [20]: [x.name for x in Path('/etc').glob('**/*.conf')]
Out[20]:
['ntp-restrict.conf',
 'dnsextd.conf',
 'syslog.conf',

If you want a list of conf files in the tree >= 1K:

In [23]: [x.name for x in Path('/etc').glob('**/*.conf') if x.stat().st_size > 1024]
Out[23]:
['dnsextd.conf',
 'pf.conf',
 'autofs.conf',

Resolving relative paths become easy:

In [32]: Path('../Operational Metrics.md').resolve()
Out[32]: PosixPath('/Users/starver/code/xxxx/Operational Metrics.md')

Navigating with a Path is pretty clear (although unexpected):

In [10]: p = Path('.')

In [11]: core = p / 'web' / 'core'

In [13]: [x for x in core.iterdir() if x.is_file()]
Out[13]:
[PosixPath('web/core/metrics.py'),
 PosixPath('web/core/services.py'),
 PosixPath('web/core/querysets.py'),

回答12:

A nice one liner to list only the files recursively. I used this in my setup.py package_data directive:

import os

[os.path.join(x[0],y) for x in os.walk('<some_directory>') for y in x[2]]

I know it's not the answer to the question, but may come in handy

回答13:

For Python 2

#!/bin/python2

import os

def scan_dir(path):
    print map(os.path.abspath, os.listdir(pwd))

For Python 3

For filter and map, you need wrap them with list()

#!/bin/python3

import os

def scan_dir(path):
    print(list(map(os.path.abspath, os.listdir(pwd))))

The recommendation now is that you replace your usage of map and filter with generators expressions or list comprehensions:

#!/bin/python

import os

def scan_dir(path):
    print([os.path.abspath(f) for f in os.listdir(path)])

回答14:

Here is a one line Pythonic version:

import os
dir = 'given_directory_name'
filenames = [os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)),dir,i) for i in os.listdir(dir)]

This code lists the full path of all files and directories in the given directory name.

回答15:

#import modules
import os

_CURRENT_DIR = '.'


def rec_tree_traverse(curr_dir, indent):
    "recurcive function to traverse the directory"
    #print "[traverse_tree]"

    try :
        dfList = [os.path.join(curr_dir, f_or_d) for f_or_d in os.listdir(curr_dir)]
    except:
        print "wrong path name/directory name"
        return

    for file_or_dir in dfList:

        if os.path.isdir(file_or_dir):
            #print "dir  : ",
            print indent, file_or_dir,"\\"
            rec_tree_traverse(file_or_dir, indent*2)

        if os.path.isfile(file_or_dir):
            #print "file : ",
            print indent, file_or_dir

    #end if for loop
#end of traverse_tree()

def main():

    base_dir = _CURRENT_DIR

    rec_tree_traverse(base_dir," ")

    raw_input("enter any key to exit....")
#end of main()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

回答16:

FYI Add a filter of extension or ext file import os

path = '.'
for dirname, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(path):
    # print path to all filenames with extension py.
    for filename in filenames:
        fname_path = os.path.join(dirname, filename)
        fext = os.path.splitext(fname_path)[1]
        if fext == '.py':
            print fname_path
        else:
            continue

回答17:

If figured I'd throw this in. Simple and dirty way to do wildcard searches.

import re
import os

[a for a in os.listdir(".") if re.search("^.*\.py$",a)]

回答18:

Below code will list directories and the files within the dir

def print_directory_contents(sPath):
        import os                                       
        for sChild in os.listdir(sPath):                
            sChildPath = os.path.join(sPath,sChild)
            if os.path.isdir(sChildPath):
                print_directory_contents(sChildPath)
            else:
                print(sChildPath)

回答19:

I know this is an old question. This is a neat way I came across if you are on a liunx machine.

import subprocess
print(subprocess.check_output(["ls", "/"]).decode("utf8"))

回答20:

The one worked with me is kind of a modified version from Saleh answer above.

The code is as follows:

"dir = 'given_directory_name' filenames = [os.path.abspath(os.path.join(dir,i)) for i in os.listdir(dir)]"

回答21:

This is an elegant solution proposed by Professor Allen Downey:

def walk(dirname):
"""Prints the names of all files in dirname and its subdirectories.

dirname: string name of directory
"""
for name in os.listdir(dirname):
    path = os.path.join(dirname, name)

    if os.path.isfile(path):
        print(path)
    else:
        walk(path)

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/120656/directory-tree-listing-in-python