class template without public constructor as member of another class template

问题

I have a class template Shape, which contains information about certain shapes (which can be three- or two-dimensional). I only want a few predefined shapes (cube, sphere and square) to be available. All these predefined shapes have the same properties (so the cube always has the same volume, and I only need to remember the properties of one cube). To inhibit someone from creating other Shapes, I made the constructor private:

// Flag for the possible shapes
enum class Tag
{
    SPHERE,
    CUBE,
    SQUARE
};

template<std::size_t N>
class Shape
{
public:
    // Predefined shapes.
    static const Shape<3> SPHERE;
    static const Shape<3> CUBE;
    static const Shape<2> SQUARE;
    // Information stored about the given shapes
    const Tag tag; // tag specifying the shape
    const double v; // Shape volume/area
    const std::array<double, 2*N> surrounding_box; // Storing intervals for a surrounding box
    //... Some other information that depends on template parameter N
private:
    // Private constructor. This prevents other, unintended shapes from being created
    Shape(Tag tag, double v, const std::array<double, 2*N> surrounding_box):
            tag{tag}, v {v}, surrounding_box {surrounding_box} {};
};

// Initialization of predefined shape: SPHERE
template<std::size_t N>
const Shape<3> Shape<N>::SPHERE(Tag::SPHERE, 3.0,{{0.0,2.7,0.0,2.7,0.0,2.7}});

// Initialization of predefined shape: CUBE
template<std::size_t N>
const Shape<3> Shape<N>::CUBE(Tag::CUBE, 1.0,{{0.0,1.0,0.0,1.0,0.0,1.0}});

// Initialization of predefined shape: SQUARE
template<std::size_t N>
const Shape<2> Shape<N>::SQUARE(Tag::SQUARE, 1.0,{{0.0,1.0,0.0,1.0}});

Now I can get a cube as:

Shape<3> cube = Shape<3>::CUBE;

This seems to works fine.

Problems arise when I want to have a Shape instance as member of another class template Object. Specifically, I do not manage to write a properly working constructor for my Object class template:

template <std::size_t N>
class Object
{
public:
    Object(Tag shape_tag, double weight, double elevation):
            weight {weight}, elevation {elevation}
    {
        switch(shape_tag)
        {
            case Tag::CUBE:
            {
                shape = Shape<3>::CUBE;
                break;
            }
            case Tag::SPHERE:
            {
                shape = Shape<3>::SPHERE;
                break;
            }
            case Tag::SQUARE:
            {
                shape = Shape<2>::SQUARE;
                break;
            }
        }
    }
private:
    Shape<N> shape;
    double weight;
    double elevation;
};

Creating an Object as

Object<3> object(Tag::CUBE, 1.0,1.0);

fails with the compiler error error: no matching function for call to ‘Shape<3ul>::Shape()’. I think that, because I do not use an initializer list for shape, the constructor of Object tries to call the default constructor Shape(), which is not available. I also tried moving the Shape part of construction to a separate initialization function, which I can then call in the initializer list. However, in that case the template part keeps generating different problems (because I need to be able to initialize both Shape<2> and Shape<3> objects).

How can I tackle this problem? Or is there perhaps a better way to make sure that only some predefined Shapes are available, without making its constructor private?

ps. The problem with shapes and objects as presented here is just a MWE.

回答1:

Create a factory:

template <std::size_t N> Shape<N> MakeShape(Tag shape_tag);

template <>
Shape<3> MakeShape(Tag shape_tag)
{
    switch(shape_tag)
    {
        case Tag::CUBE: return Shape<3>::CUBE;
        case Tag::SPHERE: return Shape<3>::SPHERE;
    }
    throw std::runtime_error("Invalid tag");
}

template <>
Shape<2> MakeShape(Tag shape_tag)
{
    switch(shape_tag)
    {
        case Tag::SQUARE: return Shape<3>::SQUARE;
    }
    throw std::runtime_error("Invalid tag");
}

And then

template <std::size_t N>
class Object
{
public:
    Object(Tag shape_tag, double weight, double elevation):
shape{MakeShape<N>(shape_tag)}, weight {weight}, elevation {elevation}
    {
    }
};

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/52781740/class-template-without-public-constructor-as-member-of-another-class-template