下面我们将实现关于Spring Security3的一系列教程.
最终的目标是整合Spring Security + Spring3MVC
完成类似于SpringSide3中mini-web的功能.
Spring Security是什么?
引用
Spring Security,这是一种基于Spring AOP和Servlet过滤器的安全框架。它提供全面的安全性解决方案,同时在Web请求级和方法调用级处理身份确认和授权。在Spring Framework基础上,Spring Security充分利用了依赖注入(DI,Dependency Injection)和面向切面技术。
关于Spring Security学习的资料.
最重要,最齐全的中文资料当然是family168的中文文档
Spring Security2参考文档
Spring Security3 参考文档
附件包含了一个很好的初入门的PDF教程.
最好是花30分钟先照着PDF上的教程一步一步的操作.
虽然没有实际的应用价值,但对初学者认识SpringSecurity3很有帮助.
我们的项目目录结构最终是:
需要添加的jar包:
我们先实现一个controller:
MainController.java
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package org.liukai.tutorial.controller;
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-
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
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import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
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import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
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import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
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@Controller
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@RequestMapping("/main")
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public class MainController {
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protected static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger("controller");
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/**
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* 跳转到commonpage页面
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*
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* @return
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*/
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@RequestMapping(value = "/common", method = RequestMethod.GET)
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public String getCommonPage() {
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logger.debug("Received request to show common page");
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return "commonpage";
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}
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/**
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* 跳转到adminpage页面
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*
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* @return
-
*/
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@RequestMapping(value = "/admin", method = RequestMethod.GET)
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public String getAadminPage() {
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logger.debug("Received request to show admin page");
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return "adminpage";
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-
}
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-
}
该controller有两个mapping映射:
引用
main/common
main/admin
现在我们将同过Spring Security3框架实现成功登陆的人都能访问到main/common.
但只有拥有admin权限的用户才能访问main/admin.
我们先在web.xml中开启Spring3MVC和SpringSecurity3.
web.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<web-app id="WebApp_ID" version="2.4"
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xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
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xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
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xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
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http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
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<!-- SpringSecurity必须的filter -->
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<filter>
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<filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
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<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>
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</filter>
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<filter-mapping>
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<filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
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<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
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</filter-mapping>
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<context-param>
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<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
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<param-value>
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/WEB-INF/spring-security.xml
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/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml
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</param-value>
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</context-param>
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<servlet>
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<servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
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<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
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<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
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</servlet>
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<servlet-mapping>
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<servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
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<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
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</servlet-mapping>
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<listener>
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<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
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</listener>
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</web-app>
要启用SpringSecurity3,我们需要完成以下两步:
1.在web.xml中声明DelegatingFilterProxy.
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<filter-mapping>
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<filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
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<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
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</filter-mapping>
表示项目中所有路径的资源都要经过SpringSecurity.
2.导入指定的SpringSecurity配置 :spring-security.xml
关于spring-security.xml的配置.
我们把这个放到后面配置.以便更详细的讲解.
注意一点.最好是将DelegatingFilterProxy写在DispatcherServlet之前.否则
SpringSecurity可能不会正常工作.
在web.xml中我们定义servlet:spring.
按照惯例,我们必须声明一个spring-servle.xml
spring-servle.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
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xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
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xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
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<!-- 定义一个视图解析器 -->
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<bean id="viewResolver"
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class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
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p:prefix="/WEB-INF/jsp/" p:suffix=".jsp" />
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</beans>
这个XML配置声明一个视图解析器.在控制器中会根据JSP名映射到/ WEB-INF/jsp中相应的位置.
然后创建一个applicationContext.xml.
applicationContext.xml.
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
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xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
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xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
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xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
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xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd">
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<!-- 激活spring的注解. -->
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<context:annotation-config />
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<!-- 扫描注解组件并且自动的注入spring beans中.
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例如,他会扫描@Controller 和@Service下的文件.所以确保此base-package设置正确. -->
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<context:component-scan base-package="org.liukai.tutorial" />
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<!-- 配置注解驱动的Spring MVC Controller 的编程模型.注:次标签只在 Servlet MVC工作! -->
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<mvc:annotation-driven />
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</beans>
接着是创建JSP页面
commonpage.jsp
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<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
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pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
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<title>Insert title here</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1>Common Page</h1>
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<p>每个人都能访问的页面.</p>
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<a href="/spring3-security-integration/main/admin"> Go AdminPage </a>
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<br />
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<a href="/spring3-security-integration/auth/login">退出登录</a>
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</body>
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</html>
adminpage.jsp
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<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
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pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
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<title>Insert title here</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1>Admin Page</h1>
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<p>管理员页面</p>
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<a href="/spring3-security-integration/auth/login">退出登录</a>
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</body>
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</html>
这两个JSP对应着
当然还有登陆页面和拒绝访问页面
loginpage.jsp
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<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
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<%@ taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" prefix="form"%>
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<%@ taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags" prefix="spring"%>
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<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
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pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
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<title>Insert title here</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1>Login</h1>
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<div id="login-error">${error}</div>
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<form action="../j_spring_security_check" method="post">
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<p>
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<label for="j_username">Username</label> <input id="j_username"
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name="j_username" type="text" />
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</p>
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<p>
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<label for="j_password">Password</label> <input id="j_password"
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name="j_password" type="password" />
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</p>
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<input type="submit" value="Login" />
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</form>
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</body>
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</html>
deniedpage.jsp
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<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
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pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
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<title>Insert title here</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1>你的权限不够!</h1>
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<p>只有拥有Admin权限才能访问!</p>
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<a href="/spring3-security-integration/auth/login">退出登录</a>
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</body>
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</html>
还有一个controller用于映射上面两个JSP页面..
LoginLogoutController.java
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package org.liukai.tutorial.controller;
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import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
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import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
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import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
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import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
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import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
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import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
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@Controller
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@RequestMapping("auth")
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public class LoginLogoutController {
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protected static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger("controller");
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/**
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* 指向登录页面
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*/
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@RequestMapping(value = "/login", method = RequestMethod.GET)
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public String getLoginPage(
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@RequestParam(value = "error", required = false) boolean error,
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ModelMap model) {
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logger.debug("Received request to show login page");
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if (error == true) {
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// Assign an error message
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model.put("error",
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"You have entered an invalid username or password!");
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} else {
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model.put("error", "");
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}
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return "loginpage";
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}
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/**
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* 指定无访问额权限页面
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*
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* @return
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*/
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@RequestMapping(value = "/denied", method = RequestMethod.GET)
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public String getDeniedPage() {
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logger.debug("Received request to show denied page");
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return "deniedpage";
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-
}
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}
该controller实现了两个映射
引用
auth/login --显示Login页面
auth/denied --显示拒绝访问页面
最后,让我们看看spring-security.xml的配置
spring-security.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
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xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
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xmlns:security="http://www.springframework.org/schema/security"
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xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/security
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security-3.0.xsd">
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<!-- Spring-Security 的配置 -->
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<!-- 注意开启use-expressions.表示开启表达式.
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see:http://www.family168.com/tutorial/springsecurity3/html/el-access.html
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-->
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<security:http auto-config="true" use-expressions="true" access-denied-page="/auth/denied" >
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<security:intercept-url pattern="/auth/login" access="permitAll"/>
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<security:intercept-url pattern="/main/admin" access="hasRole('ROLE_ADMIN')"/>
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<security:intercept-url pattern="/main/common" access="hasRole('ROLE_USER')"/>
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<security:form-login
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login-page="/auth/login"
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authentication-failure-url="/auth/login?error=true"
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default-target-url="/main/common"/>
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<security:logout
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invalidate-session="true"
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logout-success-url="/auth/login"
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logout-url="/auth/logout"/>
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</security:http>
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<!-- 指定一个自定义的authentication-manager :customUserDetailsService -->
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<security:authentication-manager>
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<security:authentication-provider user-service-ref="customUserDetailsService">
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<security:password-encoder ref="passwordEncoder"/>
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</security:authentication-provider>
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</security:authentication-manager>
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<!-- 对密码进行MD5编码 -->
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<bean class="org.springframework.security.authentication.encoding.Md5PasswordEncoder" id="passwordEncoder"/>
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-
<!--
-
通过 customUserDetailsService,Spring会自动的用户的访问级别.
-
也可以理解成:以后我们和数据库操作就是通过customUserDetailsService来进行关联.
-
-->
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<bean id="customUserDetailsService" class="org.liukai.tutorial.service.CustomUserDetailsService"/>
-
-
</beans>
在配置中我们可以看到三个URL对应的三个权限
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<security:intercept-url pattern="/auth/login" access="permitAll"/>
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<security:intercept-url pattern="/main/admin" access="hasRole('ROLE_ADMIN')"/>
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<security:intercept-url pattern="/main/common" access="hasRole('ROLE_USER')"/>
需要注意的是我们使用了SpringEL表达式来指定角色的访问.
以下是表达式对应的用法.
引用
表达式 说明
hasRole([role]) 返回 true 如果当前主体拥有特定角色。
hasAnyRole([role1,role2]) 返回 true 如果当前主体拥有任何一个提供的角色 (使用逗号分隔的字符串队列)
principal 允许直接访问主体对象,表示当前用户
authentication 允许直接访问当前 Authentication对象 从SecurityContext中获得
permitAll 一直返回true
denyAll 一直返回false
isAnonymous() 如果用户是一个匿名登录的用户 就会返回 true
isRememberMe() 如果用户是通过remember-me 登录的用户 就会返回 true
isAuthenticated() 如果用户不是匿名用户就会返回true
isFullyAuthenticated() 如果用户不是通过匿名也不是通过remember-me登录的用户时, 就会返回true。
所以
-
<security:intercept-url pattern="/auth/login" access="permitAll"/>
表示所有的人都可以访问/auth/login.
-
<security:intercept-url pattern="/main/admin" access="hasRole('ROLE_ADMIN')"/>
-
<security:intercept-url pattern="/main/common" access="hasRole('ROLE_USER')"/>
则表示只有拥有对应的角色才能访问.
-
<security:form-login
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login-page="/auth/login"
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authentication-failure-url="/auth/login?error=true"
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default-target-url="/main/common"/>
表示通过 /auth/login这个映射进行登录.
如果验证失败则返回一个URL:/auth/login?error=true
如果登录成功则默认指向:/main/common
-
security:logout
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invalidate-session="true"
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logout-success-url="/auth/login"
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logout-url="/auth/logout"/>
很简单.我们开启了session失效功能.
注销URL为:/auth/logout
注销成功后转向:/auth/login
-
<!-- 指定一个自定义的authentication-manager :customUserDetailsService -->
-
<security:authentication-manager>
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<security:authentication-provider user-service-ref="customUserDetailsService">
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<security:password-encoder ref="passwordEncoder"/>
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</security:authentication-provider>
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</security:authentication-manager>
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-
<!-- 对密码进行MD5编码 -->
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<bean class="org.springframework.security.authentication.encoding.Md5PasswordEncoder" id="passwordEncoder"/>
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-
<!--
-
通过 customUserDetailsService,Spring会自动的用户的访问级别.
-
也可以理解成:以后我们和数据库操作就是通过customUserDetailsService来进行关联.
-
-->
-
<bean id="customUserDetailsService" class="org.liukai.tutorial.service.CustomUserDetailsService"/>
一个自定义的CustomUserDetailsService,是实现SpringSecurity的UserDetailsService接口,但我们重写了他即便于我们进行数据库操作.
DbUser.java
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package org.liukai.tutorial.domain;
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public class DbUser {
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private String username;
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private String password;
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private Integer access;
-
-
//getter/setter
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}
通过一个初始化的List来模拟数据库操作.
UserDao.java
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package org.liukai.tutorial.dao;
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-
import java.util.ArrayList;
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import java.util.List;
-
-
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
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import org.liukai.tutorial.domain.DbUser;
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-
public class UserDao {
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-
protected static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger("dao");
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public DbUser getDatabase(String username) {
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List<DbUser> users = internalDatabase();
-
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for (DbUser dbUser : users) {
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if (dbUser.getUsername().equals(username) == true) {
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logger.debug("User found");
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return dbUser;
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}
-
}
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logger.error("User does not exist!");
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throw new RuntimeException("User does not exist!");
-
-
}
-
-
/**
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* 初始化数据
-
*/
-
private List<DbUser> internalDatabase() {
-
-
List<DbUser> users = new ArrayList<DbUser>();
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DbUser user = null;
-
-
user = new DbUser();
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user.setUsername("admin");
-
-
// "admin"经过MD5加密后
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user.setPassword("21232f297a57a5a743894a0e4a801fc3");
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user.setAccess(1);
-
-
users.add(user);
-
-
user = new DbUser();
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user.setUsername("user");
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-
// "user"经过MD5加密后
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user.setPassword("ee11cbb19052e40b07aac0ca060c23ee");
-
user.setAccess(2);
-
-
users.add(user);
-
-
return users;
-
-
}
-
}
自定义UserDetailsService .可以通过继承UserDetailsService
来达到灵活的自定义UserDetailsService
关于UserDetailsService更多信息. 可以查看SpringSecurity3文档
CustomUserDetailsService.java
-
package org.liukai.tutorial.service;
-
-
import java.util.ArrayList;
-
import java.util.Collection;
-
import java.util.List;
-
-
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
-
import org.liukai.tutorial.dao.UserDao;
-
import org.liukai.tutorial.domain.DbUser;
-
import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException;
-
import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
-
import org.springframework.security.core.authority.GrantedAuthorityImpl;
-
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
-
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
-
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
-
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException;
-
-
/**
-
* 一个自定义的service用来和数据库进行操作. 即以后我们要通过数据库保存权限.则需要我们继承UserDetailsService
-
*
-
* @author liukai
-
*
-
*/
-
public class CustomUserDetailsService implements UserDetailsService {
-
-
protected static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger("service");
-
-
private UserDao userDAO = new UserDao();
-
-
public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username)
-
throws UsernameNotFoundException, DataAccessException {
-
-
UserDetails user = null;
-
-
try {
-
-
// 搜索数据库以匹配用户登录名.
-
// 我们可以通过dao使用JDBC来访问数据库
-
DbUser dbUser = userDAO.getDatabase(username);
-
-
// Populate the Spring User object with details from the dbUser
-
// Here we just pass the username, password, and access level
-
// getAuthorities() will translate the access level to the correct
-
// role type
-
-
user = new User(dbUser.getUsername(), dbUser.getPassword()
-
.toLowerCase(), true, true, true, true,
-
getAuthorities(dbUser.getAccess()));
-
-
} catch (Exception e) {
-
logger.error("Error in retrieving user");
-
throw new UsernameNotFoundException("Error in retrieving user");
-
}
-
-
return user;
-
}
-
-
/**
-
* 获得访问角色权限
-
*
-
* @param access
-
* @return
-
*/
-
public Collection<GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities(Integer access) {
-
-
List<GrantedAuthority> authList = new ArrayList<GrantedAuthority>(2);
-
-
// 所有的用户默认拥有ROLE_USER权限
-
logger.debug("Grant ROLE_USER to this user");
-
authList.add(new GrantedAuthorityImpl("ROLE_USER"));
-
-
// 如果参数access为1.则拥有ROLE_ADMIN权限
-
if (access.compareTo(1) == 0) {
-
logger.debug("Grant ROLE_ADMIN to this user");
-
authList.add(new GrantedAuthorityImpl("ROLE_ADMIN"));
-
}
-
-
return authList;
-
}
-
}
最后启动服务器输入:
http://localhost:8080/spring3-security-integration/auth/login
总结
通过本教程.我们对SpringSecurity3有了进一步的认识.
主要是了解了UserDetailsService的重要作用.
以及实现了模拟自定义数据的登录.(这点很重要,很多人学习了SpringSecurity却不知道
如何自定义权限)
这次教程因为内容很多,显得比较粗糙.很多地方并没有详细的阐明.
后面的教程还是SpringSecurity.
但我们将对SpringSecurity3新推出的一些特性进行详细的说明和理解.
BTW:附件为本次教程源码.你可以下载后直接在tomcat或其他web服务器启动.也可以自行添加
maven插件启动.
来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/hackerxian/p/10871666.html