http://nameyjj.blog.51cto.com/788669/557424
1. 查看内核版本命令：
1) [root@q1test01 ~]# cat /proc/version Linux version 2.6.9-22.ELsmp (bhcompile@crowe.devel.redhat.com) (gcc version 3.4.4 20050721
3.4.4-2)) #1 SMP Mon Sep 19 18:00:54 EDT 2005
2) [root@q1test01 ~]# uname -a Linux q1test01 2.6.9-22.ELsmp #1 SMP Mon Sep 19 18:00:54 EDT 2005 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
3) [root@q1test01 ~]# uname -r 2.6.9-22.ELsmp
2. 查看linux版本：
1) 登录到服务器执行 lsb_release -a ,即可列出所有版本信息,例如:
[root@3.5.5Biz-46 ~]# [root@q1test01 ~]# lsb_release -a LSB Version: :core-3.0-amd64:core-3.0-ia32:core-3.0-noarch:graphics-3.0-amd64:graphics-3.0-
ia32:graphics-3.0-noarch Distributor ID: RedHatEnterpriseAS Description: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS release 4 (Nahant Update 2) Release: 4 Codename: NahantUpdate2 注:这个命令适用于所有的linux，包括Redhat、SuSE、Debian等发行版。
2) 登录到linux执行cat /etc/issue,例如如下:
[root@q1test01 ~]# cat /etc/issue Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS release 4 (Nahant Update 2) Kernel \r on an \m
3) 登录到linux执行cat /etc/redhat-release ,例如如下:
[root@q1test01 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS release 4 (Nahant Update 2) 注:这种方式下可以直接看到具体的版本号，比如 AS4 Update 1
4) 登录到linux执行rpm -q redhat-release ,例如如下:
[root@q1test01 ~]# rpm -q redhat-release redhat-release-4AS-3 注:这种方式下可看到一个所谓的release号，比如上边的例子是3 这个release号和实际的版本之间存在一定的对应关系，如下： redhat-release-3AS-1 -> Redhat Enterprise Linux AS 3 redhat-release-3AS-7.4 -> Redhat Enterprise Linux AS 3 Update 4 redhat-release-4AS-2 -> Redhat Enterprise Linux AS 4 redhat-release-4AS-2.4 -> Redhat Enterprise Linux AS 4 Update 1 redhat-release-4AS-3 -> Redhat Enterprise Linux AS 4 Update 2 redhat-release-4AS-4.1 -> Redhat Enterprise Linux AS 4 Update 3 redhat-release-4AS-5.5 -> Redhat Enterprise Linux AS 4 Update 4 另:第3)、4)两种方法只对Redhat Linux有效.
查看系统是64位还是32位:
1、getconf LONG_BIT or getconf WORD_BIT
2、file /bin/ls
3、lsb_release -a
来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/linmzh/p/3417597.html