bash script - unable to set variable with double quotes in value

问题

Need help in fixing this bash script to set a variable with a value including double quotes. Somehow I am defining this incorrectly as my values foo and bar are not enclosed in double quotes as needed.

My script thus far:

#!/usr/local/bin/bash
set -e
set -x

host='127.0.0.1'
db='mydev'
_account="foo"
_profile="bar"
_version=$1
_mongo=$(which mongo);

exp="db.profile_versions_20170420.find({account:${_account}, profile:${_profile}, version:${_version}}).pretty();";
${_mongo} ${host}/${db} --eval "$exp"

set +x

Output shows:

+ host=127.0.0.1
+ db=mydev
+ _account=foo
+ _profile=bar
+ _version=201704112004
++ which mongo
+ _mongo=/usr/local/bin/mongo
+ exp='db.profile_versions_20170420.find({account:foo, profile:bar, version:201704112004}).pretty();'
+ /usr/local/bin/mongo 127.0.0.1/mydev --eval 'db.profile_versions_20170420.find({account:foo, profile:bar, version:201704112004}).pretty();'
MongoDB shell version: 3.2.4
connecting to: 127.0.0.1/mydev
2017-04-22T15:32:55.012-0700 E QUERY    [thread1] ReferenceError: foo is not defined :
@(shell eval):1:36

What i need is account:"foo", profile:"bar" to be enclosed in double quotes.

回答1:

In bash (and other POSIX shells), the following 2 states are equivalent:

_account=foo
_account="foo"

What you want to do is to preserve the quotations, therefore you can do the following:

_account='"foo"'

回答2:

Since part of what you're doing here is forming JSON, consider using jq -- which will guarantee that it's well-formed, no matter what the values are.

host='127.0.0.1'
db='mydev'
_account="foo"
_profile="bar"
_version=$1

json=$(jq -n --arg account "$_account" --arg profile "$_profile" --arg version "$_version" \
  '{$account, $profile, version: $version | tonumber}')

exp="db.profile_versions_20170420.find($json).pretty();"
mongo "${host}/${db}" --eval "$exp"

This makes jq responsible for adding literal quotes where appropriate, and will avoid attempted injection attacks (for instance, via a version passed in $1 containing something like 1, "other_argument": "malicious_value"), by replacing any literal " in a string with \"; a literal newline with \n, etc -- or, with the | tonumber conversion, failing outright with any non-numeric value.

---

Note that some of the syntax above requires jq 1.5 -- if you have 1.4 or prior, you'll want to write {account: $account, profile: $profile} instead of being able to write {$account, $profile} with the key names inferred from the variable names.

回答3:

When you need to use double quotes inside a double quoted string, escape them with backslashes:

$ foo="acount:\"foo\"" sh -c 'echo $foo'
  acount:"foo"

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43565409/bash-script-unable-to-set-variable-with-double-quotes-in-value