Fixed Header/Footer + Content height 100% cause undesired vertical Scrolling

问题

I am trying to achieve a a horizontal scrolling website with a fixed header and footer.

Goals: 1. Fixed Header and Footer 2. No vertical scrolling 3. Content div fills all space between the header and footer

I used position: absolute on the content to make sure the height:100% takes up the area between the header and the footer. (my third goal) However this also causes a vertical scrollbar to appear.

live demo: http://jsfiddle.net/wQ2XR/230/

how can i achieve my goals without a vertical scrollbar to appear?

thanks a lot in advance!

The html code:

    <div id="total">
        <header id="1">
            <div id="a">
                    <h1>Header</h1>

            </div>
        </header>

        <div id="2">
            <div id="b">
                <div id="bb">
                    <h2>Post Title Example One</h2> 
                <p>hello world! Have you thoroughly searched for an answer before asking your question? </p>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
        <footer id="3">
            <div id="c">
                    <h1>footer</h1>

            </div>
        </footer>
    </div>

the css:

body, html {
    height: 100%;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
}
body {
    width: 100%;
}

header {
}

#a {
    position: fixed;
    height: 50px;
    top: 0;
    width: 100%;
    background-color: blue;
}

 #2 {
    position: relative;
    padding: 50px 0 25px 0;
}

#b {
    height: 100%;
    position: absolute;
}

#bb {
    position: relative;
    height: 100%;
    margin: 50px 0 0 0;
    width: 2000px;
    background-color: yellow;
}

 footer {
}

#c {
    position: fixed;
    height: 25px;
    bottom: 0;
    width: 100%;
    background-color: green;
}

回答1:

Hmmm, the problem is that the wrapper(s) around your content between the header and footer are taking on the height of the viewport with height:100%. So, when you apply a margin to vertically offset those content wrappers (so that the header becomes visible), they get pushed by that much below the viewport (50px, height of the header). As a result, you get a vertical scrollbar, since the content wrappers are both the full height of the viewport and pushed down - so they can't fit on-screen.

How to avoid this? Well, if your footer and header height won't be dynamic (ie. You'll always be in control of how tall they are through your CSS), you can achieve this in a fairly straightforward manner with position:absolute.

Your structure I modified slightly; I removed the #2 and #b elements, since it looks like they were just there to properly position/size #bb, the actual content-containing element:

<div id="total">
    <header id="1">
        <div id="a">
            <h1>Header</h1>
        </div>
    </header>
    <div id="bb">
        <h2>Post Title Example One</h2> 
        <p>hello world! Have you thoroughly searched for an answer before asking your question?</p>
    </div>
    <footer id="3">
        <div id="c">
            <h1>footer</h1>
        </div>
    </footer>
</div>

Now, with your CSS, I removed the definitions for styling #2 and #b. Additionally, I modified the #bb CSS to read as:

#bb {
    position: absolute;
    top: 50px;
    bottom: 25px;
    width: 2000px;
    background-color: yellow;
}

Here's an updated JSFiddle to demonstrate what this achieves. Additionally, here's a JSFiddle implementing your multiple-row layout which you gave as a comment in one of the answers.

The reason why overflow:hidden doesn't quite work is because #bb would actually still extend below the viewport - just, no vertical scrollbar would be created because that overflowing region is ignored by the browser. However, when you use a percentage height, it becomes apparent that the height of #bb is not that which is visible. Anyways, hope this helps out! If this isn't what you were looking for, let me know and I'll be happy to help further. Good luck!