问题
Here's clojure's definition of vector:
(defn vector
"Creates a new vector containing the args."
{:added "1.0"
:static true}
([] [])
([a] [a])
([a b] [a b])
([a b c] [a b c])
([a b c d] [a b c d])
([a b c d & args]
(. clojure.lang.LazilyPersistentVector (create (cons a (cons b (cons c (cons d args))))))))
Why are there so many cases? Or, if there are so many, why aren't there more?
My guess is that it's striking a balance between implementation efficiency and probability, but I don't quite see how this would be more efficient.
回答1:
4 seems to strike a balance of efficiency between when there are lots of arguments and when there are not many arguments.
As an example:
(defn vector-few
([] [])
([ & args ] (. clojure.lang.LazilyPersistentVector (create args))))
(defn vector-many
([] [])
([a] [a])
([a b] [a b])
([a b c] [a b c])
([a b c d] [a b c d])
([a b c d e] [a b c d e])
([a b c d e f] [a b c d e f])
([a b c d e f & args] (. clojure.lang.LazilyPersistentVector (create (cons a (cons b (cons c (cons d (cons e (cons f args))))))))))
Running a test with 4 elements:
=> (time (dotimes [x 1000000] (vector 1 2 3 4)))
"Elapsed time: 12.082104 msecs"
=> (time (dotimes [x 1000000] (vector-few 1 2 3 4)))
"Elapsed time: 443.056339 msecs"
=> (time (dotimes [x 1000000] (vector-many 1 2 3 4)))
"Elapsed time: 11.812106 msecs"
And then with 5:
=> (time (dotimes [x 1000000] (vector 1 2 3 4 5)))
"Elapsed time: 467.904979 msecs"
=> (time (dotimes [x 1000000] (vector-few 1 2 3 4 5)))
"Elapsed time: 537.080198 msecs"
=> (time (dotimes [x 1000000] (vector-many 1 2 3 4 5)))
"Elapsed time: 10.30695 msecs"
And with 8 (so all of the functions are using the var-args case):
=> (time (dotimes [x 1000000] (vector 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8)))
"Elapsed time: 832.803266 msecs"
=> (time (dotimes [x 1000000] (vector-few 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8)))
"Elapsed time: 689.526288 msecs"
=> (time (dotimes [x 1000000] (vector-many 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8)))
"Elapsed time: 905.95839 msecs"
来源:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11328359/why-does-vector-implementation-have-multiple-cases