问题
I want to test some (python 3) code that directly uses the print and input functions. As I understand it, the easiest way to do this is by dependency injection: modifying the code so that it takes input and output streams as arguments, using sys.stdin and sys.stdout by default and passing in mock objects during testing. It's obvious what to do with print calls:
print(text)
#replaced with...
print(text, file=output_stream)
However, input doesn't have arguments for input and output streams. Does the following code correctly reproduce its behaviour?
text = input(prompt)
#replaced with...
print(prompt, file=output_stream, end='')
text = input_stream.readline()[:-1]
I had a look at the implementation of input, and it does quite a lot of magic, calling sys.stdin.fileno and examining sys.stdin.encoding and sys.stdin.errors rather than calling any of the read* methods - I wouldn't know where to start with mocking those.
回答1:
input() only does the magic you mentioned when stdin and stdout are not altered, because only then it can use things like the readline library. If you replace them with something else (real-files or not) it comes down to this code:
/* Fallback if we're not interactive */
if (promptarg != NULL) {
if (PyFile_WriteObject(promptarg, fout, Py_PRINT_RAW) != 0)
return NULL;
}
tmp = _PyObject_CallMethodId(fout, &PyId_flush, "");
if (tmp == NULL)
PyErr_Clear();
else
Py_DECREF(tmp);
return PyFile_GetLine(fin, -1);
Where PyFile_GetLine calls the readline method. Thus mocking sys.std* will work.
It's recomended you do this with try: finally:, a context processor or the mock module, so that the outputs are restored even if the code you are testing fails with exceptions:
from unittest.mock import patch
from io import StringIO
with patch("sys.stdin", StringIO("FOO")), patch("sys.stdout", new_callable=StringIO) as mocked_out:
x = input()
print("Read:", x)
assert mocked_out.getvalue() == "Read: FOO\n"
回答2:
If you assign a file-like object to sys.stdin Python's input function will use it instead of the standard input. But remember to reassign sys.stdin back to the standard input after you're done with it. The same trick applies to sys.stdout. You can do something like this:
original_stdin = sys.stdin
sys.stdin = open('inputfile.txt', 'r')
original_stdout = sys.stdout
sys.stdout = open('outputfile.txt', 'w')
response = input('say hi: ')
print(response)
sys.stdin = original_stdin
sys.stdout = original_stdout
These two lines
response = input('say hi: ')
print(response)
will use specified files (inputfile.txt and outputfile.txt) instead of the standard input and standard output.
UPDATE: If you don't want to deal with physical files take a look at io module. It provides io.StringIO class which allows you to perform in-memory text stream operations.
original_stdin = sys.stdin
sys.stdin = io.StringIO('input string')
original_stdout = sys.stdout
sys.stdout = io.StringIO()
response = input('say hi: ')
print(response)
output = sys.stdout.getvalue()
sys.stdin = original_stdin
sys.stdout = original_stdout
print(output)
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13238566/python-equivalent-of-input-using-sys-stdin