Simulating finally block in C++0x

问题

Inspired from the other topic, I wrote this code which simulates a finally block:

#include <cassert>
#include <iostream>

struct base { virtual ~base(){} };

template<typename TLambda>
struct exec : base 
{
   TLambda lambda;
   exec(TLambda l) : lambda(l){}
   ~exec() { lambda(); }
};

class lambda{
    base *pbase;
public:
    template<typename TLambda>
    lambda(TLambda l): pbase(new exec<TLambda>(l)){}
    ~lambda() { delete pbase; }
};

class A{
    int a;
public:
    void start(){
        int a=1;        
        lambda finally = [&]{a=2; std::cout<<"finally executed";}; 
        try{
            assert(a==1);
            //do stuff
        }
        catch(int){
            //do stuff
        }
    }
};
int main() {
    A a;
    a.start();
}

Output (ideone):

finally executed

@Johannes seems to think that its not entirely correct, and commented that:

It can crash if the compiler doesn't elide the temporary in the copy initialization, because then it deletes twice with the same pointer value

I would like to know how exactly. Help me understanding the problem :-)

EDIT:

Problem fixed as:

class lambda{
    base *pbase;
public:
    template<typename TLambda>
    lambda(TLambda l): pbase(new exec<TLambda>(l)){}
    ~lambda() { delete pbase; }

    lambda(const lambda&)= delete;            //disable copy ctor
    lambda& operator=(const lambda&)= delete; //disable copy assignment
};

And then use it as:

//direct initialization, no copy-initialization
lambda finally([&]{a=2;  std::cout << "finally executed" << std::endl; });

Complete code : http://www.ideone.com/hsX0X

回答1:

In this initialization:

lambda finally = [&]{a=2; std::cout<<"finally executed";};

The implicitly defined copy constructor for lambda may be used. This will just copy the raw pointer pbase which will then be deleted more than once.

E.g.

$ g++ -std=c++0x -Wall -Wextra -pedantic -fno-elide-constructors lambdafun.cc 
$ ./a.out 
a.out: lambdafun.cc:29: void A::start(): Assertion `a==1' failed.
finally executedAborted (core dumped)

Actually, your assert firing masks the double delete problem, but this demonstrates the crash I was highlighting.

$ g++ -std=c++0x -Wall -Wextra -pedantic -fno-elide-constructors -DNDEBUG lambdafun.cc 
$ ./a.out 
Segmentation fault (core dumped)

回答2:

Seems way more complicated than necessary. Why not just:

class finally
{
    std::function<void (void)> const action;
    finally(const finally&) = delete;

public:
    finally(std::function<void (void)> a)
        : action(a)
    {}

    ~finally() { action(); }
};

But in general, one should try not to carry bad Java habits over into C++.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6167515/simulating-finally-block-in-c0x

标签

c++

lambda

c++11

try-catch

finally