How to get column names from SQLAlchemy result (declarative syntax)

问题

I am working in a pyramid project and I've the table in SQLAlchemy in declarative syntax

"""models.py"""
class Projects(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'projects'
    __table_args__ = {'autoload': True}

I get the results by using

""""views.py"""
session = DBSession()
row_data = session.query(Projects).filter_by(id=1).one()

How can I get the column names from this result.

PS: I am unable to use this method since I am using the declarative syntax.

回答1:

The difference is between ORM and non-ORM, not declarative, which is just a helper for the ORM.

Query has a method column_descriptions() that was added for this purpose::

http://www.sqlalchemy.org/docs/orm/query.html#sqlalchemy.orm.query.Query.column_descriptions

the example there seems like it has a typo, says q.columns but it should be q.column_descriptions (edit: just fixed it).

回答2:

You can do something similar to Foo Stack's answer without resorting to private fields by doing:

conn.execute(query).keys()

回答3:

from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy import (Column, Index, Date, DateTime, Numeric, BigInteger, String, ForeignKey, Boolean)

Base = declarative_base()

class Project(Base):
    """sqlalchemy ORM for my table."""
    __tablename__ = "table1"
    id = Column("id", BigIntegerID, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    date = Column("date", Date, nullable=False)
    value = Column("value", Numeric(20, 8))
    ...
    ...

Then this will return the columns names ['id', 'date', 'value', ...]:

Project.__table__.columns.keys()

Or this

Project.metadata.tables['table1'].columns.keys()

回答4:

Just playing around, this syntax will give you all the columns (so to solve your problem, set query to look at one table/object only):

conn.execute(query)._metadata.keys

回答5:

This link shows how to get all the metadata you could ever need about a table, column and more.

SQLAlchemy Metadata

Many of the answers above are based on the info on this page. Suppose we have declared a table.

employees = Table('employees', metadata,
    Column('employee_id', Integer, primary_key=True),
    Column('employee_name', String(60), nullable=False),
    Column('employee_dept', Integer, ForeignKey("departments.department_id"))
)

Here are some examples of getting metadata about the table.

# access the column "EMPLOYEE_ID":
employees.columns.employee_id

# or just
employees.c.employee_id

# via string
employees.c['employee_id']

# iterate through all columns
for c in employees.c:
    print(c)

# get the table's primary key columns
for primary_key in employees.primary_key:
    print(primary_key)

# get the table's foreign key objects:
for fkey in employees.foreign_keys:
    print(fkey)

# access the table's MetaData:
employees.metadata

# access the table's bound Engine or Connection, if its MetaData is bound:
employees.bind

# access a column's name, type, nullable, primary key, foreign key
employees.c.employee_id.name
employees.c.employee_id.type
employees.c.employee_id.nullable
employees.c.employee_id.primary_key
employees.c.employee_dept.foreign_keys

# get the "key" of a column, which defaults to its name, but can
# be any user-defined string:
employees.c.employee_name.key

# access a column's table:
employees.c.employee_id.table is employees

# get the table related by a foreign key
list(employees.c.employee_dept.foreign_keys)[0].column.table

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6455560/how-to-get-column-names-from-sqlalchemy-result-declarative-syntax

标签

python

sqlalchemy

pylons

pyramid