问题
I would like some tool, preferably one that plugs into VS 2008/2010, that will go through my methods and add XML comments about the possible exceptions they can throw. I don't want the <summary> or other XML tags to be generated for me because I'll fill those out myself, but it would be nice if even on private/protected methods I could see which exceptions could be thrown. Otherwise I find myself going through the methods and hovering on all the method calls within them to see the list of exceptions, then updating that method's <exception list to include those. Maybe a VS macro could do this?
From this:
private static string getConfigFilePath()
{
return Path.Combine(Environment.CurrentDirectory, CONFIG_FILE);
}
To this:
/// <exception cref="System.ArgumentException"/>
/// <exception cref="System.ArgumentNullException"/>
/// <exception cref="System.IO.IOException"/>
/// <exception cref="System.IO.DirectoryNotFoundException"/>
/// <exception cref="System.Security.SecurityException"/>
private static string getConfigFilePath()
{
return Path.Combine(Environment.CurrentDirectory, CONFIG_FILE);
}
Update: it seems like the tool would have to go through the methods recursively, e.g., method1 calls method2 which calls method3 which is documented as throwing NullReferenceException, so both method2 and method1 are documented by the tool as also throwing NullReferenceException. The tool would also need to eliminate duplicates, like if two calls within a method are documented as throwing DirectoryNotFoundException, the method would only list <exception cref="System.IO.DirectoryNotFoundException"/> once.
回答1:
The long and the short answer is that this isn't possible. Unlike Java, none of the .NET languages require that functions report a list of possible exceptions that can be thrown (which means that you either have to catch or report any exceptions that could be thrown on functions that it calls). Because of this, there's no generic way to determine an exhaustive list of every exception that a function could throw (I'm using the word function here to cover anything that's written like a function, including operators, constructors, etc.) because you have no guarantee as to the exceptions that could be thrown by what a given function might call.
If you're willing to go in limited, then it's conceivable that you could write something that could scan MSDN for the appropriate article for a given .NET library call and use the list of exceptions there (if any) to recursively establish a list of what could possibly be thrown. This wouldn't, however, cover any third-party libraries or catch any exceptions thrown by the runtime (OutOfMemoryException, StackOverflowException, NullReferenceException [unless you want to take it a step further and have your exception analysis also determine if there is any possibility of a null reference, but this, too, seems impossible to do in a completely generic sense]).
I'm pretty sure that this has been covered a time or two by the C# team (I'd be surprised if Eric Lippert hasn't already answered a question about this on SO), but I'm pretty certain that it boiled down to this: While this sort of system is useful and valuable to some people, mandating its use (and forcing you either to report or catch all possibly thrown exceptions) led to a lot of try { ... } catch (Exception ex) { ... } blocks in order to avoid the housekeeping, and blanket, silent catches are a lot worse (IMHO) than an unreported exception.
回答2:
You can achieve part of your requirements by using AtomineerUtils which has support for documenting exceptions.
You can also use GhostDoc, Resharper and Agent Johnson Plugin for generating exceptions. See the following question: How to document thrown exceptions in c#/.net
回答3:
Exception Hunter from RedGate software will get you half-way there. It can do a static analysis of your code and show you what exceptions will be thrown by what lines of code -- including .NET Framework calls. It won't write the XML documentation for you.
But, I have to say, you need to be realistic about how useful such a tool would be... there are a number of exceptions that may happen as a result of extremely unusual circumstances, such as System.OutOfMemoryException and System.ExecutionEngineException, or as a result of programmer error, such as System.NotImplementedException. Technically, these are all possible, but realistically, attempting to document most of them for every method is not worth your time... you'd end up with hundreds of lines of comment for practically every method in your application.
回答4:
RedGate Exception Hunter does analyze code for possible exception. Maybe you could use some of its functionality.
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2989951/auto-document-exceptions-on-methods-in-c-net