问题
How to show «include» and «extend» in activity diagram?
And how can I show types in activity diagram. E.g. Vehicle is of 2 types i.e Bike and Car. So how can I show this in activity diagram?
回答1:
(This answer is independent of whether or not you should use «include» or «extend».)
A use case can be specified any number of ways. For some examples, you can use natural language, tables, or activity diagrams.
It appears that you would like to specify use cases as activities. In that case, each use case is specified by one activity diagram. The one to one correspondence between a use case and an activity also holds true for included use cases and extending use cases.
The way you would specify an inclusion on a use case's activity diagram is as an action that calls the activity of another use case. It's that simple.
The way you would specify in extension is more complicated. The UML 2.5 specification says:
The specific manner in which the location of an ExtensionPoint is defined is intentionally unspecified.
An extending use case is one that composes one or more extension points. Each extension point may specify a condition that must hold in the extended use case. When that condition holds, the extending use case's behavior will activate. This extension point does not show up in the activity diagram of the extended use case.
Regarding your question about types, none of us really know what you're asking. Please let me know whether or not this other answer is what you need: Linking activity diagram to entities to be accessed.
回答2:
Simply speaking: you must no show it if you avoid it. I/E are bad constructs since they lead people to using functional decomposition during use case synthesis.
If, for what reason ever, you have a case with I/E you can place the Activity of the according use case as invocation action in your sequence of actions. That will simply represent the I/E. And depending on whether it's optional/mandatory will be clear by the flow of events.
I leave your type-question out until you clarify that.
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/36515778/include-and-exclude-in-activity-diagram