iterparse fails to parse a field, while other similar ones are fine

问题

I use Python's iterparse to parse the XML result of a nessus scan (.nessus file). The parsing fails on unexpected records, wile similar ones have been parsed correctly.

The general structure of the XML file is a lot of records like the one below:

<ReportHost>
  <ReportItem>
    <foo>9.3</foo>
    <bar>hello</bar>
  </ReportItem>
  <ReportItem>
     <foo>10.0</foo>
     <bar>world</bar>
</ReportHost>
<ReportHost>
   ...
</ReportHost>

In other words a lot of hosts (ReportHost) with a lot of items to report (ReportItem), and the latter having several characteristics (foo, bar). I will be looking at generating one line per item, with its characteristics.

The parsing fails in the middle of the file at a simple line (foo in that case being cvss_base_score)

<cvss_base_score>9.3</cvss_base_score>

while ~200 similar lines have been parsed without problems.

The relevant piece of code is below -- it sets context markers (inReportHost and inReportEvent which tell me where in the stricture of the XML file I am in, and either assign or print a value, depending on the context)

import xml.etree.cElementTree as ET
inReportHost = False
inReportItem = False

for event, elem in ET.iterparse("test2.nessus", events=("start", "end")):
    if event == 'start' and elem.tag == "ReportHost":
        inReportHost = True
    if event == 'end' and elem.tag == "ReportHost":
        inReportHost = False
        elem.clear()
    if inReportHost:
        if event == 'start' and elem.tag == 'ReportItem':
            inReportItem = True
            cvss = ''
        if event == 'start' and inReportItem:
            if event == 'start' and elem.tag == 'cvss_base_score':
                cvss = elem.text
        if event == 'end' and elem.tag == 'ReportItem':
            print cvss
            inReportItem = False

cvss sometimes has the None value (after the cvss = elem.text assignment), even though identical entries have been parsed properely earlier in the file.

If I add below the assignement something along the lines of

if cvss is None: cvss = "0"

then the parsing of many further cvss assign their proper values (and some other are None).

When taking the <ReportHost>...</reportHost> which causes the wrong parsing and running it through the program - it works fine (ie. cvss is assigned 9.3 as expected).

I am lost at where I make a mistake in my code since, withing a large set of similar records, some apre processed correctly and some - not (some of the records are identical, and still are processed differently). I also cannot find anything particular about the records that fail - identical ones earlier and later are fine.

回答1:

From the iterparse() docs:

Note: iterparse() only guarantees that it has seen the “>” character of a starting tag when it emits a “start” event, so the attributes are defined, but the contents of the text and tail attributes are undefined at that point. The same applies to the element children; they may or may not be present. If you need a fully populated element, look for “end” events instead.

Drop inReport* variables and process ReportHost only on "end" events when it fully parsed. Use ElementTree API to get necessary info such as cvss_base_score from current ReportHost element.

To preserve memory, do:

import xml.etree.cElementTree as etree

def getelements(filename_or_file, tag):
    context = iter(etree.iterparse(filename_or_file, events=('start', 'end')))
    _, root = next(context) # get root element
    for event, elem in context:
        if event == 'end' and elem.tag == tag:
            yield elem
            root.clear() # preserve memory

for host in getelements("test2.nessus", "ReportHost"):
    for cvss_el in host.iter("cvss_base_score"):
        print(cvss_el.text)

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14670792/iterparse-fails-to-parse-a-field-while-other-similar-ones-are-fine

标签

python

xml

xml-parsing

iterparse