Auto-incrementing IDs for Class Instances

问题

Disclaimer: This is for a semester project that I am currently working on. My question is regarding an implementation level detail and is not part of the grading scheme. I am only writing this code as a way to test the theory that I am proposing for the paper that I will write.

Also, I have considered the answers for this question with little luck, so please do not consider this as a duplicate of that question

The Problem:

I have a graph (G=(V,E)). At some point in my algorithm, I need to turn this into a hypergraph (in a sense) by "collapsing" multiple nodes (say, v_1, v_2, ..., v_n) into one node (say, v). In the context of the problem, this implies that I need to change the edges in E such that any edge e between any of v_1, v_2, v_n and any other node u in V will be changed such that e is now between u and v.

In order to capture that there may now exist multiple distinct edges between any pair of nodes, I need to make a unique identifier for each edge. I have tried to do this by means of and ID, which I am currently unable to properly implement.

This is what I've tried:

class Edge:
    _ID = 0
    def __init__(self, u, v, w, c,f=0):
        self.id = Edge._ID 
        Edge._ID += 1
        self.src = u
        self.dest = v
        self.weight = w
        self.capacity = c
        self.flow = f

However, when I try to instantiate a new edge, I get the following error:

>>> e = Edge(1,3,5,10,0)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "UnsplittableFlow.py", line 14, in __init__
    self.id = Edge._ID; Edge._ID += 1
UnboundLocalError: local variable '_ID' referenced before assignment

EDIT:

With the suggestions of some answers, I have been able to fix the instantiation-time error. However, another error persists. Here is my code and the errors:

class Edge:
    _ID = 0
    def __init__(self, u, v, w, c,f=0):
        self.id = self._ID; self._ID += 1
        self.src = u
        self.dest = v
        self.weight = w
        self.capacity = c
        self.flow = f

Error:

>>> e = Edge(1,3,5,10,0)
>>> e.id
0
>>> Edge._ID
0

>>> f = Edge(2,3,5,10,0)
>>> f.id
0
>>> Edge._ID
0

I'd appreciate any help

Thank you

回答1:

You can still use self to get at the _ID.

self.id = self._ID 
self.__class__._ID += 1

If you're using CPython, you can have a lazy man's ID:

class Edge(object):
    @property
    def id(self): return id(self)

回答2:

Your edited code is treating _ID as though it were a instance variable, not a class variable. Based on Matt Joiner's answer what I think you mean is this:

class Edge:
    _ID = 0
    def __init__(self, u, v, w, c,f=0):
        self.id = self._ID; self.__class__._ID += 1
        self.src = u
        self.dest = v
        self.weight = w
        self.capacity = c
        self.flow = f

When I run your examples with this definition of Edge, I get:

>>> e = Edge(1,3,5,10,0)
>>> e.id
0
>>> Edge._ID
1
>>> f = Edge(2,3,5,10,0)
>>> f.id
1
>>> Edge._ID
2

Which is the desired result. However, others have pointed out that your original code worked for them, just like this code works for me, so I suspect the real problem is somewhere else in your code.

回答3:

Before instantiating any Edge, you could set the class variable explicitly to 0 like so:

Edge._ID = 0
e = Edge(1,3,5,10,0)
f = Edge(2,3,4,5,0)

And the id's will be properly set.

回答4:

While the other answers offered are answer the asked question (which is why I am not unaccepting the one I originally accepted), the correct way to do this would be to use itertools.count as follows:

class Edge:
    _ID = itertools.count()
def __init__(self, u, v, w, c,f=0):
    self.id = self._ID.next()

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8319910/auto-incrementing-ids-for-class-instances

标签

python

uniqueidentifier

class-instance-variables